发酵和糖酵解之间的差异

关键区别 - 发酵与糖酵解

Both fermentation and glycolysis are processes of converting complex molecules such assugars and carbohydratesinto simple forms.Fermentation usesyeast or bacteriain the process of conversion whereas glycolysis does not.This is the key difference between fermentation and glycolysis, and further differences will be discussed in this article.

What is Fermentation?

Fermentation is a metabolic process that converts sugar (primarily葡萄糖，果糖, andsucrose) to acids, gases or alcohol. It basically occurs in yeast, bacteria and oxygen-starved muscle cells in order to fermentlactic acid.Krebs cycle和电子传输系统在发酵中不会发生。然而，唯一的能量提取途径是糖酵解以及一两个额外的反应。基本上是纳德⁺from the NADHproduced during glycolysis.

Types of Fermentation

Lactic acid fermentation and Alcohol fermentationare prominent types of fermentation.

乳酸发酵

乳酸发酵也是将糖转化为能量的类似过程。它经常用于食品保存。

C₆H₁₂O₆(glucose) → 2 CH₃Chohcooh（乳酸）

乳酸发酵发生在存在类细菌的情况下Lactobacillus acidophilus和真菌。NADH在乳酸发酵中直接将其电子直接转移至丙酮酸。乳酸发酵可以在酸奶的产生和肌肉细胞内看到。

Alcohol Fermentation

这是一个过程，将糖 - 食物中的葡萄糖，果糖和蔗糖转化为能量。面包，一些茶（金布查）和饮料（酒精 - 啤酒，威士忌，伏特加酒和朗姆酒）是使用酒精发酵生产的。

C₆H₁₂O₆(glucose) → 2 C₂H₅OH (ethanol) + 2 CO₂（二氧化碳）

Yeast and certain bacteria can perform ethanol fermentation. In ethanol fermentation, NADH donates its electrons to a derivative of a pyruvate, producing ethanol as an end product.

Uses of Fermentation

Beer, Wine, Yoghurt, Cheese, Sauerkraut, Kimchi and Pepperoni are some examples of products produced by fermentation. Fermentation is also used in the sewage treatment, industrial alcohol production, and in the production of hydrogen gas.

Benefits of Fermentation

Bacteria produced during fermentation (益生菌) may be beneficial to the digestive system. In addition, preserving foods by fermentation can increase their nutritional value since fermentation increase the vitamin level.

什么是糖酵解？

糖酵解is defined as an enzymatic breakdown of carbohydrates (as glucose) by way of phosphate derivatives with the production of pyruvic or lactic acid and energy stored in high-energy phosphate bonds of ATP.

It is also known as “sweet splitting process.” It is a metabolic pathway that occurs in thecytosolof cells in living organisms. This can either function in the presence or absence of oxygen. Therefore, it can be divided as aerobic and anaerobic glycolysis.Aerobic glycolysisyields more ATP than anaerobic process. With the presence of oxygen, it produces pyruvate and 2ATP molecules are produced as the net energy form.

厌氧糖酵解是在短而激烈的锻炼中唯一有效的能源生产手段，可提供10秒至12分钟的能量。

The overall reaction can be expressed as follows.

Glucose + 2 NAD⁺+ 2 P_i+ 2 ADP → 2 pyruvate + 2 NADH + 2 ATP + 2 H⁺+ 2 H₂O + heat

丙酮酸被丙酮酸脱氢酶复合物（PDC）氧化为乙酰辅酶A和CO2。它位于线粒体of eukaryotic and cytosol of prokaryotes.

The glycolysis occurs, with variation, nearly in all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic.

What is the difference between Fermentation and Glycolysis?

Definition of Fermentation and Glycolysis:

Fermentation:Fermentation is a metabolic process that converts sugar into acids, gases or alcohol.

糖酵解:糖酵解是碳水化合物的酶促分解。

发酵和Gl的特征ycolysis:

Oxygen Usage:

Fermentation:Fermentation does not use oxygen.

糖酵解:糖酵解uses oxygen.

Process:

Fermentation:发酵被认为是厌氧。

糖酵解:糖酵解can be anaerobic or aerobic.

ATP Yield:

Fermentation:Zero energy is gained during fermentation.

糖酵解:2 ATP molecules are produced.

Phases:

Fermentation:Fermentation has 2 basic phases: lactic acid fermentation and ethanol fermentation.

糖酵解:糖酵解分类为有氧和厌氧糖酵解

Microorganism’s Involvement:

Fermentation:Bacteria and yeast are involved in fermentation.

糖酵解:Bacteria and yeast are involved in Glycolysis.

Production of Ethanol or Lactic acid

Fermentation:Fermentation produces ethanol or lactic acid.

糖酵解:糖酵解does not produce ethanol or lactic acid.

丙酮酸的使用

Fermentation:Fermentation starts with the use of Pyruvic acid.

糖酵解:糖酵解produces Pyruvic acid.

Fate of Pyruvic Acid

Fermentation:Pyruvic acid is converted into waste product

糖酵解:糖酵解产生用于产生能量的丙酮酸。急诊呼吸。

Image Courtesy:

“乙醇发酵”Davidcarmack– Own work(CC BY-SA 3.0)viaCommons Wikimedia

“Glycolysis metabolic pathway 3 annotated” By Thomas沙菲– Own work(CC BY 4.0)viaCommons Wikimedia