Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic DNA Replication
According to the Watson and Crick model suggested for脱氧核糖核酸，一链DNA是另一链的补充。因此，每条链充当形成新的DNA链的模板。这个过程称为脱氧核糖核酸replication. The replication of DNA basically involves the unwinding of the parent strands and the base pairing between the two new strands, so that each new DNA molecule contains one new and one old strand, which belongs to parent DNA molecule. DNA replication is very complex process and involves many cellular functions and certain verification procedures.脱氧核糖核酸polymeraseis the main enzyme involved in DNA replication. The basic two types of replication are conservative replication and semiconservative replication.Prokaryotic DNA and eukaryotic DNA差异很大；他们的复制过程也是如此。
Prokaryotic DNA Replication
Unlike ineukaryotes，存在一个圆形DNAprokaryotes. The replication in the prokaryotic chromosome begins at theorigin of replication. At the beginning of replication, enzyme breaks the氢键在复制的起源处的DNA的两条母体之间，建立复制叉。在形成复制叉之后，双螺旋的链开始放松并彼此分离。在发生放松的时候，DNA聚合酶开始添加新的DNA链的合成nucleotides. As the replication proceeds, the replication forks travels in the opposite direction. After the completion of replication, each new double stranded DNA contains one old DNA and one new DNA. Once the two DNA molecules have formed, the cell is ready for二分裂.
Eukaryotic DNA Replication
Unlike in prokaryotes, eukaryotes have a large amount DNA. Therefore, the replication of DNA in eukaryotes are quite complex and involve many biological processes. Since the DNA amount is large, there are few origins of replication points, which form the bubbles. In these areas, enzymes break the strands and begin to transcribe in opposite directions on each site of the DNA molecule. Here, the DNA polymerase synthesizes two new strands of DNA. As the replication proceeds, new nucleotides are added to the growing DNA molecule. The replication process completes when the replication forks meet each other. Once the replication process is complete, the cell is ready for themitosis.
原核和真核DNA复制之间有什么区别？
• Duration of DNA replication in eukaryotes is longer than that in prokaryotes.
• In eukaryotes, multiple replication sites are present in a single DNA molecule whereas, in prokaryotes, a single replication site is present in the circular DNA molecule.
• In prokaryotes, DNA replication involves three polymerase enzymes; namely, DNA polymerase I, DNA polymerase II, and DNA polymerase III. In contrast, DNA replication of eukaryotes involve four types of polymerase enzymes; namely, α, β, γ, and δ.
• Functional variety of DNA polymerase is specific in eukaryotes, whereas it is diverse in prokaryotes.
• In eukaryotes, β- polymerase functions as a repair enzyme, whereas there is no such repair function in prokaryotes.
•在原核生物中，很少形成复制叉，而在真核生物中，形成了许多复制叉。
• In prokaryotes, theta structure is observed whereas, in eukaryotes, it is not observed.
• In eukaryotes, many accessory proteins with diverse functions are involved whereas, in prokaryotes, few accessory proteins with limited functions are involved.
• Histone separation and unwinding take place in eukaryotes, while only unwinding takes place in prokaryotes.
• Many replication bubbles present in eukaryotes, whereas no or few replication bubbles present in prokaryotes.
• In prokaryotes, RNA acts as the primer whereas, in eukaryotes, either RNA or DNA acts as the primer.
• DNA replication in eukaryotes takes place during the cell cycle, unlike in prokaryotes.
Read more:
2.Difference Between DNA Replication and Transcription
4.Difference Between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Translation
5.Difference Between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Ribosomes
7。Difference Between Protein Synthesis in Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic
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