原核和真核DNA之间的差异

Thekey difference在原核和真核DNA之间是原核DNA自由浮动细胞质while the eukaryotic DNA situates inside thenucleus。

There are two major categories of living organisms such as prokaryotes and eukaryotes. They differ from each other by their cellular organization. Accordingly, prokaryotes have a simple cellular organization. They lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. On the other hand, eukaryotes have a complex cellular organization. They have a true nucleus that contains DNA and also membrane-bound cell organelles. All the prokaryotes are unicellular while eukaryotes may be unicellular or multicellular organisms. Prokaryotes and eukaryotes mainly contain DNA genomes. Their DNA is packaged into chromosomes. Since prokaryotes do not have a nucleus, their DNA freely floats in the cytoplasm. However, in eukaryotes, chromosomes situate inside the nucleus. Hence, nuclear membrane encloses all eukaryotic DNA.

内容

1.Overview and Key Difference
2.什么是原核生物DNA
3.What is Eukaryotic DNA
4.Similarities Between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic DNA
5.并排比较 - 原核与表格形式的真核DNA
6。概括

什么是原核生物DNA?

There are two main groups of prokaryotes such as bacteria and archaea. They are unicellular tiny organisms. Both these categories have a single chromosome as their genome. Thus, it is mostly a DNA genome. This single chromosome is a circular chromosome made up of double-stranded DNA.

此外，它可以自由漂浮在核细胞细胞质中。原核染色体是紧凑的，不含重复的DNA和内含子。尽管将核DNA包装成单个染色体，但该DNA不会与组蛋白蛋白折叠。与核苷相关蛋白的核DNA线圈。

除此染色体外，原核生物还具有外染色体DNA称为质粒。质粒是小的DNA圆。它们不包含原核生物的基因组DNA。取而代之的是，它们包含对细菌细胞提供有益作用的基因。作为基因工程中有价值的载体，质粒很重要。

What is Eukaryotic DNA?

Eukaryotes have a true nucleus that encloses with a nuclear membrane. Hence, eukaryotic DNA resides inside the nucleus by enclosing the nuclear membrane. However, some non-genomic eukaryotic DNAs are found outside the nucleus, within two types of cell organelles. They arechloroplasts and mitochondria。与原核DNA不同，真核DNA包含许多无编码的重复DNA。

Furthermore, eukaryotic DNA contains introns other than exons. Therefore, the amount of eukaryotic DNA per cell is very high compared to the amount of prokaryotic DNA. Not only that, eukaryotic DNA folds with histone proteins and packages into several chromosomes. Hence, eukaryotes contain more than one chromosome, unlike prokaryotes. The human genome contains a total of 46 chromosomes. Generally, eukaryotes do not have plasmid DNA. But several types of eukaryotes have plasmid DNA.

What are the Similarities Between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic DNA?

• 原核和真核DNA是双链螺旋结构。
• 两者都由脱氧核糖核苷酸组成。
• 同样，两者都包含四种类型的氮基碱（A，T，C和G）。
• Furthermore, both types of DNA contain genetic codes/information for the synthesis of proteins.
• 此外，两种类型的DNA都可以自我复制。

What is the Difference Between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic DNA?

Prokaryotic DNA is present in the cytoplasm while the eukaryotic DNA is present inside the nucleus. Thus, this is the key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA. Furthermore, prokaryotes have only one chromosome while eukaryotes have more than one chromosome.

Moreover, another difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA is that the prokaryotic DNA contains less number of genes than the eukaryotic DNA. Also, a further difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA is that the prokaryotic DNA does not contain repetitive DNA and introns while eukaryotic DNA contains a lot of repetitive DNA and introns. Additionally, the amount of prokaryotic DNA is small compared to the amount of eukaryotic DNA. Therefore, it is also a difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA.

The below infographic presents more details of the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA.

总结- - - - - -Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic DNA

原核生物和真核生物在其基因组中含有DNA。细胞质中存在核DNA，因为它们没有核。但是，由于它们具有真实的核，因此真核DNA存在于核内部。因此，这是原核生物和真核DNA之间的关键区别。此外，核DNA更紧凑，缺乏重复的DNA和内含子。另一方面，真核DNA包含许多基因，重复的DNA和内含子。比较DNA的量时，真核DNA量高于原核DNA。此外，原核DNA是双链和圆形的，而真核DNA是双链和线性的。因此，这总结了原核生物和真核DNA之间的差异。

Reference:

1.自然新闻，自然出版集团。Available here
2.“圆形细菌染色体。”Wikipedia，Wikimedia基金会，2018年9月30日。Available here

Image Courtesy:

1.”Plasmid (english)”By User:Spaully on English wikipedia – Own work,(CC BY-SA 2.5)viaCommons Wikimedia
2.”Eukaryote DNA”By Magnus Manske and LadyofHats (Mariana Ruiz)(CC BY-SA 3.0)viaCommons Wikimedia