这关键区别在动物和植物有丝分裂之间是裂解沟的形成发生在动物有丝分裂期间,而细胞板的形成发生在植物有丝分裂中,以便将所得核彼此分开。
有丝分裂是生活需要维持的重要过程之一。因此,在有丝分裂中,单个细胞分为两个子细胞。因此,所有真核植物和动物细胞都经历有丝分裂的过程。该过程的结果是两个新细胞,其中包含与第一个或原始细胞相同数量的染色体,这对于植物和动物细胞都是常见的。简而言之,有丝分裂产生两个与母细胞遗传相同的子细胞。此外,由于动物和植物细胞的结构差异,动物和植物有丝分裂之间存在微小的差异。
CONTENTS
1。概述和关键差异
2。什么是动物有丝分裂
3。What is Plant Mitosis
4。Similarities Between Animal and Plant Mitosis
5.并排比较 - 动物与植物有丝分裂以表格形式
6.Summary
什么是动物有丝分裂?
动物细胞中有丝分裂是一个非常复杂的过程,涉及三个主要步骤称为相间,核师和细胞质分裂。相间是最长的一个占细胞周期90%的时间,在此阶段,细胞准备分成两个完整的新细胞。相间有三个主要子宽度称为G1 phase,,,,S phase, andG2阶段。细胞器的形成,DNA复制和染色体形成分别在G1,S和G2阶段进行。
有丝分裂的第二个主要步骤是核分裂,这是一个高度复杂的过程,包括五个步骤称为Prophase,,,,Prometaphase,Metaphase,,,,Anaphase,,,,and末期。All these phases perform different processes including disassembling the nuclear envelope and nucleolus, chromatin formation, spindle formation with centrioles from the opposite ends, breaking the two sister chromosomes from the centromeres, and spindle shortening to polarize the two newly formed nuclei, etc.
After the formation of two nuclei, the nuclear envelop reform and enclose the two nuclei separately. Finally, cytokinesis starts and divides the cytoplasm into two parts by constricting the cell membrane through the middle of the cell. The two newly formed cells then continue in the cell cycle by entering the interphase. Likewise, mitosis takes place in every tissue of the animals, and it is a highly meticulous process regulated by proteins. The regulation is very strict, and each process passes through checkpoints to ensure the product is stable and not harmful to the cell and eventually to the animal.
什么是植物有丝分裂?
这basic principles of the plant mitosis are similar to the animal mitosis. Also, it has similar five major phases. Accordingly, plant mitosis begins with the movement of the nucleus into the middle of the cell. However, the nuclear division takes place without the involvement of the centrioles to divide the chromatins from the centrioles. While the nuclear division is being completed, the cytoplasm starts to divide with the formation of a plane called phragmoplast or cell plate. After that, the cell membranes and cell wall are formed to complete the division of the two newly formed cells.
与整个身体细胞中发生的动物有丝分裂不同,植物有丝分裂仅发生在分生组织细胞中。此外,在植物有丝分裂中不会发生收缩的形成。
动物和植物有丝分裂有什么相似之处?
- 细胞分裂的基本原理在动物和植物有丝分裂中是相同的。
- 动物和植物有丝分裂发生在grow and repair the tissues.
- Also, both consist of similar phases.
- 此外,两者都产生与母细胞相同的子细胞。
- 此外,动物和植物有丝分裂均以细胞质分裂或细胞因子的结尾结束。
动物和植物有丝分裂有什么区别?
这关键区别between animal and plant mitosis depends on the cytokinesis process. During the animal mitosis process, a cleavage furrow forms in order to separate two new nuclei from each other while during the plant mitosis, a cell plate forms between two new nuclei to separate them. Furthermore, the spindle formation in plant cells takes place without centrioles, while animal cell mitosis involves the centriole in this process. Thus, it is another difference between animal and plant mitosis.
此外,动物和植物有丝分裂之间的进一步差异是,在形成两个单独的核后,动物细胞在细胞质分裂过程中通过中部收缩。但是,植物有丝分裂不涉及细胞的任何收缩。此外,除性细胞形成期间,植物有丝分裂仅发生在分生组织组织中,但在性细胞形成期间,动物有丝分裂发生在所有动物组织中。因此,我们也可以将其视为动物和植物有丝分裂之间的差异。
下图显示了动物和植物有丝分裂以表格形式的差异。
摘要 - 动物与植物有丝分裂
有丝分裂是在真核细胞中尤其是在动植物细胞中的两个细胞分裂过程之一。动物和植物细胞的总体过程相似。但是动物和植物有丝分裂存在几种差异。动物和植物有丝分裂之间的关键区别是在细胞因子过程中形成动物细胞中的裂解沟和植物细胞中细胞板的形成。此外,动物有丝分裂涉及中心粒,而植物有丝分裂不涉及中心元素。同样,动物有丝分裂发生在整个动物组织中,而植物有丝分裂仅在分生组织组织中发生。因此,这总结了动物和植物有丝分裂之间的差异。
参考:
1.“有丝分裂的阶段”。可汗学院,可汗学院。在这里可用
图片提供:
1. Kelvinsong的“动物细胞周期” - 自己的工作,(CC0)通过下议院维基梅迪亚
2。”Plant cell cycle”By Kelvinsong – Own work,(CC BY-SA 3.0)通过下议院维基梅迪亚
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