氢键和离子键之间的差异|比较类似术语之间的差异

这关键区别在氢键和离子键之间这种离子粘结存在于永久之间阴离子和阳离子，而氢键存在于部分正和部分负电荷之间。

化学键将原子和分子固定在一起。键在确定分子和原子的化学和物理行为方面很重要。正如美国化学家G.N. Lewis提出的那样，原子在其价外壳中包含八个电子时，原子是稳定的。大多数原子在其价壳中少于八个电子（除了元素周期表的第18组中的贵重气体除外）；因此，它们不稳定。这些原子倾向于相互反应以变得稳定。因此，每个原子都可以实现高贵的气体electronic configuration. Ionic bonds are one such chemical bond, which connects atoms in chemical compounds. Hydrogen bonds are intermolecular attractions between molecules.

1。概述和关键差异
2。什么是氢键
3。什么是离子键
4。Side by Side Comparison – Hydrogen Bond vs Ionic Bond in Tabular Form
5。Summary

什么是氢键？

当氢连接到氟，氧或氮等电负原子上时，它将产生极性粘结。由于电负性，键中的电子被电负原子吸引而不是氢原子。因此，氢原子将获得部分阳性电荷，而电负原子越多将获得部分负电荷。当两个具有这种电荷分离的分子靠近时，氢与带负电荷的原子之间的吸引力上升。我们称这种氢键。

氢键是相对比dipole interactions, and they determine the molecular behaviour. For example, water molecules have intermolecular hydrogen bonding. One water molecule can form four hydrogen bonds with another water molecule. Since oxygen has two lone pairs, it can form two hydrogen bonds with positively charged hydrogen. Then, we can call the two water molecules as a dimer. Each water molecule can bind with four other molecules because of the hydrogen bonding capability. It result in a higher boiling point for water, even though a water molecule has a low molecular weight. Therefore, the energy needed to break the hydrogen bonds when they are going to the gaseous phase is high.

图01：水分子之间的氢键

此外，氢键决定了冰的晶体结构。冰格的独特布置有助于它漂浮在水上。因此，保护冬季的水生生命。除此之外，氢键在生物系统中起着至关重要的作用。蛋白质和DNA的三维结构仅基于氢键。此外，氢键可以通过加热和机械力破坏。

什么是离子键？

Atoms can gain or lose electrons and form negative or positive charged particles, respectively. These particles are called ions. There are electrostatic interactions between the ions. Ionic bonding is the attractive force between these oppositely charged ions. The strength of the electrostatic interactions is largely influenced by the electronegativity values of the atoms in an ionic bond. Electronegativity gives a measurement of the atoms’ affinity for electrons. An atom with high electronegativity can attract electrons from an atom with low electronegativity to form an ionic bond.

Figure 02: Formation of Ionic Bond in Sodium Chloride

For example, sodium chloride has an ionic bond between sodium ion and chloride ion. Sodium is a metal; therefore, it has a very low electronegativity (0.9) compared to Chlorine (3.0). Because of this electronegativity difference, Chlorine can attract an electron from Sodium and form Cl- and Na+ ions. Because of this, both atoms gain the stable, noble gas electronic configuration. Cl- and Na+ are held together by very strong attractive electrostatic forces, thus forming an ionic bond.

氢键和离子键有什么区别？

氢键是分子间吸引，而离子键是有吸引力的静电力。氢键和离子键之间的关键区别在于永久阴离子和阳离子之间存在离子键，而氢键存在于部分正和部分负电荷之间。另外，离子键比氢键强。

此外，当存在氢原子和电负原子时，就会发生氢键，而在任何金属和非金属原子之间发生离子键。因此，这是氢键和离子键之间的显着差异。此外，氢键和离子键之间的进一步差异是氢键很容易断裂，因为它们是分子间或分子内吸引力，但是离子键是很难断裂的强化学键。

摘要 - 氢键和离子键

离子键在离子化合物内发生。氢键是分子间键。氢键和离子键之间的关键区别在于永久阴离子和阳离子之间存在离子键，而氢键存在于部分正和部分负电荷之间。

参考：

1。Helmenstine, Anne Marie. “Hydrogen Bond Definition and Examples.” ThoughtCo, May. 6, 2019,在这里可用。
2. Helmenstine，Anne Marie。“离子债券定义。”ThinkCo，2019年1月26日，在这里可用。