原核和真核核糖体之间的差异

Thekey difference在原核和真核核糖体之间是the prokaryotic ribosomes are 70S particles composed of 50S large subunit and 30S small subunit while the eukaryotic ribosomes are 80S particles composed of 60S large subunit and a 40S small subunit.

原核生物和真核生物are two major groups of living organisms that differ from the cellular organization. Prokaryotes do not possess a nucleus and membrane-bound cell organelles. On the other hand, eukaryotes possess a nucleus and membrane-bound cell organelles. There are some organelles common to both organisms. The ribosome is one of the important and vital organelles present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. They are present in the细胞质每个单元格。在结构上，蛋白质和核糖体RNA（rRNA）together make up ribosomes. And they consist of two subunits namely larger subunit and a small subunit. Also, they carry out the same function that is the translation ofmRNA分子成蛋白质。由于翻译对于所有生物体来说都是至关重要的过程，并且发生在核糖体中，因此核糖体对原核生物和真核生物都非常重要。尽管有很多相似之处，但原核和真核核糖体之间存在一些差异。

内容

1.Overview and Key Difference
2.什么是原核生物核糖体
3.What are Eukaryotic Ribosomes
4.Similarities Between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Ribosomes
5。Side by Side Comparison – Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Ribosomes in Tabular Form
6。概括

什么是原核生物核糖体？

原核核糖体为70S核糖体，比真核核糖体小。它们由两个亚基组成；小亚基和一个大亚基。小核核糖体的小亚基是30年代，而大亚基为50。这些核糖体单元用svedberg（S）值表示，具体取决于离心中的沉积速率。

Moreover, in prokaryotes, rRNA is organized into three strands in ribosomes. Three strands are 16 S RNA, 5S RNA and 23S RNA. Unlike eukaryotic ribosomes, prokaryotic ribosomes do not attach with the membranes of the nucleus or endoplasmic reticulum. They are present freely in the cytoplasm.

什么是真核核糖体？

真核核糖体是80S颗粒，比原核核糖体大。它们由40s小亚基和60s大亚基组成。此外，与原核核糖体相比，真核核糖体含有更多的核糖体蛋白质。

There are four strands of RNA in eukaryotic ribosomes. They are 18S, 5S, 5.8S and 28S RNAs. Unlike prokaryotic ribosomes, eukaryotic ribosomes are found freely in the cytoplasm and also attached to nuclear and ER membranes.

What are the Similarities Between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Ribosomes?

• 原核和真核核糖体是活细胞的成分。
• They provide a site for protein synthesis.
• Furthermore, they are made from RNA and ribosomal proteins.
• Also, they contain two subunits made up of RNAs.
• 此外，两者都存在于细胞的细胞质中。
• 此外，它们的小亚基与一条RNA构成。

原核和真核核糖体有什么区别？

核核糖体是较小的70s颗粒，而真核核糖体为较大的80s颗粒。因此，这是原核生物和真核核糖体之间的关键区别。此外，原核生物和真核核糖体之间的另一个区别是，原核生物核糖体由30s和50s组成，分别较小的单元和较大的单元，而真核核糖体分别具有较小的亚基和较大的亚基为40s和60s。此外，在真核生物中，核糖体中的rRNA有四股，而在原核生物中，rRNA在核糖体中分为三股。因此，这也是原核生物和真核核糖体之间的差异。

Also, in eukaryotic cells, ribosomes are present as free and bound forms while in prokaryotic cells, ribosomes are present in the free form in the cytoplasm. Eukaryotic cells have chloroplasts and mitochondria as organelles, and those organelles also have ribosomes 70S. Therefore, eukaryotic cells have different types of ribosomes (70S and 80S), whereas prokaryotic cells only have 70S ribosomes. Eukaryotic ribosome consists of eight kinds of protein and four kinds of rRNA while the prokaryotic ribosomes consist of three types of rRNA and fifty kinds of protein. Therefore this is also a difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes.

Below is an infographic on the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes that presents all these differences as a side by side comparison.

概括– Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Ribosomes

核糖体是蛋白质syn的网站thesis in living cells. However, prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes differ from several features. Prokaryotic ribosomes are 70S particles composing of 30S and 50S subunits. On the other hand, eukaryotic ribosomes are 80S particles composing of 40S and 60S subunits. We can consider this as a key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes. Furthermore, prokaryotic ribosomes contain three strands of RNA while eukaryotic ribosomes contain four strands of RNA. Prokaryotic ribosomes are present freely in the cytoplasm of the cell while the eukaryotic ribosomes are present in the cytoplasm freely as well as attached to nuclear and ER membranes. Thus, this summarizes the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes.

Reference:

1.自然新闻，自然出版集团。Available here
2. Shaffer, Catherine. “Ribosome Structure.” News-Medical.net, News Medical, 23 Aug. 2018.Available here

Image Courtesy:

1.”Prokaryote cell diagram”By Mariana Ruiz LadyofHats – Own work (Public Domain) viaCommons Wikimedia
2.”ProteinTranslation” (Public Domain) viaCommons Wikimedia