氨基酸和核苷酸之间的差异|比较类似术语之间的差异

这关键区别between amino acid and nucleotide is that the氨基酸是蛋白质而核苷酸是nucleic acids。

高分子is a large molecule resulting due to polymerization of its monomers. The most common macromolecules found in living organisms including plants are nucleic acids (DNA and RNA), proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, etc. Among the different macromolecules, proteins and nucleic acids are vital for the survival of the organisms. Amino acids and nucleotides are the building blocks of proteins and nucleic acids respectively. Both are organic molecules and present in high concentrations inside cells.

1。概述和关键差异
2。什么是氨基酸
3。What is Nucleotide
4。年代imilarities Between Amino Acid and Nucleotide
5.年代ide by Side Comparison – Amino Acid vs Nucleotide in Tabular Form
6.年代ummary

什么是氨基酸？

这amino acid is the simplest unit of proteins. There are about twenty different amino acids. All amino acids have a -COOH and -NH₂组和-H键合碳。碳是手性碳，α-氨基酸是生物学世界中最重要的。D-氨基酸不存在于蛋白质中，也不是高等生物的代谢的一部分。但是，一些在较低的生活形式的结构和代谢中很重要。R组从一个氨基酸到另一种氨基酸。最简单的氨基酸为H组为H甘氨酸。根据R组，氨基酸可以分为脂肪族，芳香族，非极性，极性，带正电，带负电荷或无带电等。

图01：氨基酸

氨基酸是蛋白质的基础。当两个氨基酸连接形成二肽时，肽键的连锁发生在NH之间₂一种氨基酸与另一个氨基酸的COOH组，通过形成水分子。可以像这样凝结成千上万的氨基酸以形成长肽，然后将其折叠以形成蛋白质。

什么是核苷酸？

Nucleotide is the building block of two crucial macromolecules DNA and RNA. They are the genetic material of an organism and are responsible for passing genetic characteristics from generation to generation. Furthermore, they are important to control and maintain cellular functions. Other than these two macromolecules, there are other important nucleotides. For example, ATP (Adenosinetriphosphate) and GTP are important for energy storage. NADP and FAD are nucleotides, which act as cofactors. Nucleotides like CAM (cyclic adenosine monophosphate) are essential for cell signalling pathways.

核苷酸具有三个成分，即戊糖糖分子，氮基和磷酸基团/s。根据戊糖糖分子的类型，氮基碱和磷酸基团的数量，核苷酸彼此不同。例如，在DNA中，在RNA中，脱氧核糖核苷酸中有脱氧核糖核酸糖，核糖核苷酸中有核糖糖。

Moreover, there are mainly two groups of nitrogenous bases as pyridines and pyrimidines. Pyrimidines are smaller heterocyclic, aromatic, and six-membered rings containing nitrogens at 1 and 3 positions. Cytosine, thymine, and uracil are examples for pyrimidine bases. Purine bases are much larger than pyrimidines. Other than the heterocyclic aromatic ring, they have an imidazole ring fused to that. Adenine and guanine are the two purine bases.

图02：核糖核苷酸

在DNA和RNA中，互补碱在它们之间形成氢键。腺嘌呤与硫胺素或尿嘧啶形成两个H键，而鸟嘌呤与胞嘧啶形成三个H键。磷酸盐与糖的–OH组相关。在DNA和RNA的核苷酸中，通常有一个磷酸基团。但是，在其他核苷酸（例如ATP）中，存在多个磷酸基团。

氨基酸和核苷酸之间有什么相似之处？

Amino acid and nucleotide are monomers or simplest units of two macromolecules.
这y are able to link with another same kind of molecule in order to form a polymer.
Moreover, they are very important molecules.
同样，每个单体都有几种类型，并且有20种不同的氨基酸，而有几种不同的核苷酸。
此外，都包含C，H，O和N原子。

What is the Difference Between Amino Acid and Nucleotide?

氨基酸是蛋白质分子的单体，而核苷酸是核酸的单体。因此，这是氨基酸和核苷酸之间的关键差异。此外，氨基酸具有C，H，N，O和S原子，而核苷酸具有C，H，N，O和P原子。因此，这是氨基酸和核苷酸之间的另一个区别。此外，氨基酸具有COOH，NH₂和R组虽然核苷酸含有戊糖糖，氮基和磷酸基团。

以下是氨基酸和核苷酸之间差异的信息图。

摘要 - 氨基酸与核苷酸

有不同的大分子。其中，蛋白质和核酸是最重要的。蛋白质负责许多细胞功能，而核酸则是生物体的基因组。从结构上讲，氨基酸是蛋白质的基础。另一方面，核苷酸是核酸的组合。DNA和RNA。因此，这是氨基酸和核苷酸之间的关键差异。此外，氨基酸分子具有COOH，NH₂和R组虽然核苷酸含有戊糖糖，氮基和磷酸基团。因此，这是氨基酸和核苷酸之间的另一个显着差异。