Difference Between Ischemia and Infarction

Key Difference – Ischemiavs Infarction

There are vital factors such as oxygen and glucose required by cells for their survival. When thesemetabolitesare not adequately supplied pathological cellular changes start to happen within the cells and if not corrected cellular death ensues. Ischemia and infarction are two such processes that are due to the lack of supply of these vital factors into the cells. Mechanical obstruction of anarteryresulting in缺氧which is the basis for ischemia. An impairment of the venous drainage can also cause ischemic tissue damages. Infarction is the process by which an area of ischemicnecrosisis produced either due to an arterial occlusion or an obstruction to the venous drainage. Thekey differencebetween ischemia and infarction isnecrosis happens only in infarction and not in ischemia.

CONTENTS

1.Overview and Key Difference
2.What is Ischemia
3.What is Infarction
4.Similarities Between Ischemia and Infarction
5.Side by Side Comparison – Ischemia vs Infarction in Tabular Form
6.Summary

What is Ischemia?

Ischemia is the commonest form of cell injury in medicine. Mechanical obstruction of an artery resulting in hypoxia is the basis for ischemia. An impairment of the venous drainage can also cause ischemic tissue damages. Unlike in hypoxia where the energy production can take place viaanaerobic respiration在缺血基质的供应glycolysis不哈ppen. Consequently, there is not only an oxygen deficiency but also an energy deficiency. Therefore, there is a rapid cell injury in ischemia than in hypoxia, which is not associated with ischemia.

Mechanism of Ischemia

Due to the lack of oxygen,oxidative phosphorylationdoes not occur. At the same time, glycolysis is inhibited by the lack of substrates. As a result, there is not enoughATPfor the maintenance of cellular ion pumps. This gives rise to an electrolyte imbalance within the cell.

Cellular changes associated with ischemia

• Dispersion of cytoskeleton and the formation of blebs
• Appearance of myelin figures within the cells from the degenerating cellular membranes
• Swelling ofmitochondria
• Dilation ofER

These changes are reversible if the hypoxia is corrected within 30-40 minutes from the onset of ischemia.

Cell death in ischemia mainly occurs through the activation ofapoptoticpathway and necrosis. Cellular organelles progressively degenerate, and there is an efflux of cellular enzymes into the extracellular space. Extracellular macromolecules start entering the cell. Ultimately dead cell masses are replaced by myelin figures which are composed of phospholipids.

What is Infarction?

Infarction is the process by which an area of ischemic necrosis is produced either due to an arterial occlusion or an obstruction to the venous drainage.

Causes of Infarction

• Arterialthrombosis and embolism
• Hemorrhageinto an atheromatous plaque
• Compression of an artery by atumor
• Vascular torsion
• Although venous obstruction can cause infraction, it most often ends up as congestion particularly affecting the vessels with only one efferent vein.

Red Infarcts

Occur with venous occlusion in loose, spongy tissues, in tissues with a double circulation and in tissues that have a congested network of veins.

White Infarcts

These occur due to the arterial occlusion in solid organs with an end arterial supply.

Septic Infarcts

The colonization of microbes in necrosed tissues forms Septic infarcts.

Factors Affecting the Formation of Infarcts

• Anatomy of the vascular supply of the affected region
• Rate of occlusion
• Tissue vulnerability to hypoxia
• hypoxemia

Infarctions in almost all the organs of the body except in the brain result in coagulative necrosis. In the brain, infraction gives rise to liquefactive necrosis.

What are the Similarities Between Ischemia and Infarction?

• 组织损伤发生两次
• Hypoxia is the underlying cause of both ischemia and infarction

What is the Difference Between Ischemia and Infarction?

Ischemia vs Infarction
Ischemia is the commonest form of cell injury in medicine. Mechanical obstruction of an artery resulting in hypoxia is the basis for ischemia. An impairment of the venous drainage can also cause ischemic tissue damages.	Infarction is the process by which an area of ischemic necrosis is produced either due to an arterial occlusion or an obstruction to the venous drainage.
Necrosis
Necrosis does not take place.	Necrosis takes place.

Summary – Ischemiavs Infarction

Ischemia is the commonest form of cell injury in medicine. Mechanical obstruction of an artery resulting in hypoxia is the basis for ischemia. An impairment of the venous drainage can also cause ischemic tissue damages. On the other hand, infarction can be defined as the process by which an area of ischemic necrosis is produced either due to an arterial occlusion or an obstruction to the venous drainage. The difference between these two pathological processes is tissue necrosis occurs only in infarction and not in ischemia.

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Reference:

1.Kumar, Vinay, Stanley Leonard Robbins, Ramzi S. Cotran, Abul K. Abbas, and Nelson Fausto. Robbins and Cotran pathologic basis of disease. 9th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Elsevier Saunders, 2010. Print.

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