自闭症与唐氏综合症
自闭症和唐氏综合症是众所周知的智力障碍原因。还有其他导致智力障碍的原因。但是，这两者很重要，因为唐氏综合症代表了频谱的纯遗传末端，而自闭症代表纯粹的心理终结。即使一些研究提出了与自闭症的遗传联系，但到期日仍然非常怀疑。本文将详细讨论自闭症和唐氏综合症，强调临床特征，症状，原因，测试和研究，预后以及所需的治疗过程的差异。
自闭症and Autism Spectrum Disorders
这自闭症的原因and autism spectrum disorders是由于异常发展神经系统。自闭症首先出现在儿童期或婴儿期。有三个主要symptoms of autism。它们是社会互动不良，沟通损害以及限制的利益和重复行为。由于互动不良，自闭症儿童不能做朋友,独自玩耍,依然一团ssive. They find it difficult to speak and express feelings through body language. They develop a unique set of behaviors that they hardly ever change. They like to stack objects up, line up toys and adhere strictly to a daily routine. Autism symptoms become apparent around one to two years of age. Some children develop normally before regressing. During adulthood, the自闭症的迹象are rather muted.
这re are no laboratory测试detect autism。根据《自闭症和发育障碍杂志》中自闭症的事实，bab着十二个月，打手势十二个月，单个单词使用了16个月，经常使用两个单词短语乘以二十四个月，以及任何语言技能的丧失年龄使它绝对至关重要研究自闭症和自闭症频谱障碍更远。即使大约15％的自闭症儿童患有可检测到的单基因异常，但使用遗传筛查方法尚不实际。代谢测试和成像方法可能会有所帮助，但没有常规。
从1996年到2007年，incidence of autism急剧增加。1996年，不到1000名儿童患有自闭症。在2007年，有1000多名儿童患有自闭症。自闭症对男孩的影响比女孩更大。以前有人担心疫苗的某些防腐剂会导致自闭症。因此，CDC撤回了所有含有防腐剂的疫苗，但疾病模式没有显着变化，表明没有这种病因联系。
较早的自闭症治疗starts, better the outcome. The main targets are to improve the quality of life, improve social interactions and communication. The regime should be tailored to the child’s needs. No single method is foolproof.Occupational therapy，在每种情况下，应根据需要采用社交技能疗法，结构化教学，言语和语言疗法。统计数据表明，自闭症患者一半接受药物治疗。抗惊厥药具有科学证据来支持它，但其他人则没有。毒品使用的明确危险是有些可能对药物治疗的反应异常。自闭症治疗很昂贵。一项研究估计，一名患者平均而言，一生的成本约为400万美元。
唐氏综合症
遗传异常是唐氏综合症的原因。这re are three copies of the chromosome 21 instead of the normal two. Family history of Down syndrome and advanced maternal age increases the risk of Down syndrome in the offspring. Down syndrome can be suspected during intrauterine life. Increased nuchal thickness and increased Alfa-Feto-Protein (AFP) in amniotic fluid and blood suggest its presence. Uniquesymptoms of Down syndromecan be seen at birth during neonatal examination. Neonatal甲状腺功能减退症是主要差异diagnosis of Down syndrome在这个阶段。患有唐氏综合症的婴儿具有平坦的枕骨，低固定的耳朵，向上倾斜的眼睛，平坦的鼻桥，眼睛的肩膀褶皱，大粗糙的舌头，烟熏的手，第五手指的中间裂纹不佳，宽阔的檀香缝，心脏不足，心脏不足，心脏不足（ASD，VSD，PDA）和十二指肠闭锁。唐氏综合症的患者是亚植物。他们的预期寿命短。有增加的风险糖尿病，，，，hypercholesterolemia,heart attacks，唐氏综合症的阿尔茨海默氏病和帕金森病。
What is the difference between Autism and Down Syndrome?
• Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder with doubtful genetic background while Down syndrome is a genetic one.
•自闭症没有独特的外部异常，而跌落会导致很多。
•除了认知异常外，自闭症儿童在医学上还健康。唐氏综合症的原因智力低下以及医疗疾病。
Let’s do some Piaget here—with a little Maslow. Autism is autism. Low Functioning Autism is the same syndrome as High Functioning Autism. HFA is related to Asperger’s. Many of the world’s genius’ are HFA or Aspergers’. Not genius savants—that is a possibility with Mongoloid ism or Downes Syndrome.With a Downe Syndrome client the client will maintain at a level of elucidation and intellectual sophistication of a more typical lower school age student (or less). An Autism student may be severely challenged. But with patience and a one on one approach to learning an Autistic or Asperger’s client can develop intellectually into a Doctoral level intelligence. There will still be socialization and living skills issues. But an Autistic person has as much potential to great high achievement as more typical students. It just takes time and a unique organizations goal plan.