病毒和prion之间的差异

Thekey difference在病毒和prion之间virus is a tiny infectious particle composed of核酸和proteincoat while the prion is a small infectious particle composed of a single protein.

微生物学家研究了不同类型的生物学实体。其中，病毒和prion是两种类型的细胞感染颗粒。它们不被视为生物体，因为它们显示出比生命特征更多的非生命特征。同样，它们不包含ribosomes和酶合成蛋白质。因此，他们需要一个活生物体（宿主）才能繁殖。此外，在光学显微镜下无法观察到它们，也不能被室内过滤器过滤。此外，它们在营养媒体中不可培养。病毒和prion之间的差异主要是由于它们的组成。病毒由核酸和蛋白质组成，而蛋白质仅由蛋白质组成。同样，本文将讨论病毒和prion病之间存在一些差异。

内容

1.Overview and Key Difference
2.What is Virus
3.什么是prion
4.Similarities Between Virus and Prion
5.并排比较 - 与表格形式的病毒与prion
6。概括

What is Virus?

Virus is a nanometer size infectious particle composing a protein coat and nucleic acids. Thus, viral nucleic acids can be either DNA or RNA. Nucleic acids can be single or double-stranded. Furthermore, they can be linear or circular or segmented. Structurally, nucleic acids remain protected within the protein capsid. Protein capsid may contain spikes and tails. These spikes and tails help the viruses to attach with the host cells.

基于蛋白质衣壳排列，病毒具有不同的形状，例如螺旋，二十面体，多面体和复杂结构。除了核酸和蛋白质的衣壳外，某些病毒具有包围核衣壳的包膜。因此，存在包裹的病毒，而其他病毒则是裸病毒。使用这些核酸，通过五个步骤在活生物体（宿主）内繁殖。附着，穿透，复制和合成，组装和释放。因此，它们是专性寄生虫。简而言之，病毒需要活宿主来制造蛋白质并繁殖。

There are different types of virus based on the host organism that they use to multiply. A bacteriophage is one type which infects bacteria. Mycoviruses infect fungi while archaeal viruses infect archaea. Furthermore, there are animal viruses, plant viruses, protists viruses, and mammalian endogenous retroviruses. As the name suggests, these virus use different host organisms to multiply while causing diseases to them.

什么是prion?

Prion is a subviral entity composed only of a protein. Simply, it is a proteinaceous infectious particle which is acellular. Prion neither has DNA nor RNA. Hence they lack genes. This is the distinguishing character of prions that separates prions from viruses. Surprisingly, prion proteins are harmless proteins that are present in mammals and birds. But these proteins are in abnormal form, and once they enter the human brain, they are capable of causing severe brain infections.

通常，这些王室被摄入，但也通过包含该蛋白质的基因的突变形成。一旦prion进入大脑，它们就会导致正常蛋白质变成异常的蛋白质。然后之后，它们很快就会导致大脑中的严重感染。由于这种感染，大脑内的一些孔只能通过焚烧治疗。幼崽引起的一些疾病是疯牛病，绵羊和山羊的草皮，鹿和麋鹿，库鲁和克鲁兹 - 贾科布病中的慢性浪费疾病。但是，与病毒不同，王室不会引起植物感染。尽管病毒会引起人类和其他动物的疾病，但prion疾病非常罕见。此外，没有针对病毒疾病的具体治疗方法。因为王子对大多数灭菌方法（例如热，辐射，化学物质等）具有抵抗力。

What are the Similarities Between Virus and Prion?

• Virus and prion are non-living particles.
• Furthermore, they are acellular.
• Virus and prion are harmful.
• Both cause many diseases to be human and other organisms.
• Also, they need a host organism to multiply.
• 因此，它们是卑鄙的寄生虫。
• Moreover, both do not contain ribosomes.
• 但是，两者都包含蛋白质。
• Furthermore, they are very small, even smaller than the bacteria.

What is the Difference Between Virus and Prion?

Virus is an infectious particle made from both nucleic acids and proteins while prion is a sub-viral entity composed only of a protein. This is the key difference between virus and prion. Furthermore, viral diseases are common while prion diseases are rare. Moreover, prion causes diseases to humans and animals while virus causes diseases to animals, plants, fungi, bacteria, protists and archaea. Hence, this is also a notable difference between virus and prion.

The below infographic on difference between virus and prion shows the differences more clearly in tabular form.

概括– Virus vs Prion

Virus and prion are two types of infectious particles, which are acellular and non-living. The key difference between virus and prion is that virus is composed of both nucleic acids and proteins while prion is composed only of a protein. Prion lacks DNA or RNA while viruses possess nucleic acids either DNA or RNA. Furthermore, virus causes diseases to animals, plants, bacteria, protists, archaea, etc. while prion causes diseases only to human and animals.

Reference:

1. Gelderblom，HansR。“病毒的结构和分类”。当前的神经病学和神经科学报告，美国国家医学图书馆，1996年1月1日。Available here

Image Courtesy:

1. Grahamcolmtalk的“病毒构成简单” - 自己的作品(CC BY-SA 3.0)viaCommons Wikimedia
2。”牛朊蛋白1 dx0 asym Lopez-G r 500”arcia, F., Zahn, R., Riek, R., Wuthrich, K. & RCSB (Public Domain) viaCommons Wikimedia