灭菌和消毒之间的差异

Thekey differencebetween sterilization and disinfection is thatsterilization is a process of killing all forms of microbial life including thesporespresent in an object while disinfection is a process of reducing or removing harmful microorganisms from the inanimate objects and surfaces.

微生物无处不在。由于它们会引起污染，感染和衰减，因此有必要通过净化将其从材料或区域中清除或摧毁。灭菌和消毒是两种净化模式。消毒旨在将微生物杀死到感染不会传播的水平，但不一定杀死无生命物体中存在的所有微生物。但是，灭菌是一种净化过程，其中所有物体中存在的所有微生物都破坏了，因此，物体变成无菌。因此，灭菌过程杀死了包括endospores细菌也是如此。简而言之，我们可以说灭菌会杀死物体或一个地方存在的所有微生物，而消毒仅减少了有害微生物的数量以防止传播。

内容

1.Overview and Key Difference
2.What is Sterilization
3.What is Disinfection
4.Similarities Between Sterilization and Disinfection
5.并排比较 - 与表格形式的灭菌与消毒
6。概括

What is Sterilization?

Sterilization is the process of destructing all forms of microbial life including bacteria, spores,病毒和王室。因此，所采用的灭菌方法取决于，目的，必须进行灭菌的材料，存在的微生物的性质等。在灭菌过程结束时，处理过的物体可以视为无菌对象它不包含任何微生物或孢子。灭菌是两种模式；物理方法和化学方法。物理方法包括热，辐射和过滤，而化学方法涉及液体和气态化学物质。

In addition, a combination of physical and chemical methods (physio-chemical methods) also involve with sterilization. Different sterilization methods commonly used include steam sterilization, heating, chemical sterilization, radiation sterilization and sterile filtration.

Moreover, an ideal sterilant is the one that could function effectively and efficiently in all circumstances and should possess following features.

1. 应该能够破坏包括病毒，细菌和真菌在内的所有类型的微生物。
2. It should not adversely affect medical instruments.
3. Should act rapidly, allowing the use of instruments meant for various sterilization and disinfection methods.

什么是消毒？

Disinfection is the process of destroying harmful pathogens in their vegetative state and reducing the number of microorganisms to levels that no longer pose a threat to human health. The purpose of doing this is to prevent transmission of certain microorganisms with objects, hands or skin and prevent spreading the infection. Disinfection is done by disinfectants, and they are the antimicrobial agents that apply on non-living objects to destroy microorganisms that are living on the objects.

It is important to understand that disinfection only reduces the number of microorganisms and does not completely eliminate them. Accordingly, disinfectants have wide use in our day to day life. They are of two types; broad spectrum, which acts over a large variety of microorganisms, and narrow spectrum, which acts on a small variety of microorganisms. Furthermore, they are easy to use, non-toxic and comparatively inexpensive. The different disinfectants commonly used are alcohols, aldehyde, an oxidizing agent, phenols, polyaminopropyl biguanide, etc.

消毒间的相似性是什么d Disinfection?

• Sterilization and disinfection are two methods of decontamination of objects.
• Both methods utilize physical and chemical methods.
• Also, both are effective methods of preventing transmission of infections and diseases.
• 此外，这两种方法通常每天用于各种目的。

灭菌和消毒有什么区别？

The key difference between sterilization and disinfection is that the sterilization is the process of killing all the microorganisms present in an object while the disinfection is the process of eliminating or reducing disease-causing microorganisms from an inanimate object. Furthermore, a significant difference between sterilization and disinfection is that sterilization is capable of killing spores of microorganisms while disinfection is not capable of killing spores.

以下信息图显示了有关灭菌和消毒之间差异的更多事实。

概括– Sterilization vs Disinfection

Both sterilization and disinfection eliminate the microorganisms that can cause diseases. Depending on the purpose of decontamination either disinfection or sterilization can be used. Disinfection only reduces the number of harmful microorganisms whereas sterilization is the method of complete removal of the microorganisms. Furthermore, disinfection has wide use in daily life and practicality whereas sterilization has wide use in surgical operations or in labs where the sterile condition is necessary. This is the difference between sterilization and disinfection.

Reference:

1.“Sterilization (Microbiology).” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 19 Oct. 2018.Available here
2.国家研究委员会（美国）安全饮用水委员会。“消毒方法和功效。”饮用水与健康：消毒剂和消毒剂副产品：第7卷，美国国家医学图书馆，1987年1月1日。Available here

Image Courtesy:

1.“手术室和灭菌DVIDS286912”，由小官员2级埃迪·哈里森（Eddie Harrison）（公共领域）通过Commons Wikimedia
2.”12737 PHIL disinfection Ebola outbreak 1995″By CDC/ Ethleen Lloyd – Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Public Health Image Library (PHIL), with identification number #12737. (Public Domain) viaCommons Wikimedia