专性和兼职寄生虫之间的差异

关键区别 - 专性与兼职寄生虫

寄生是两个生物之间的一种共生关系，其中一个生物是受益的，而另一个则没有。该寄生虫是一种生物体，它居住在另一种生物（宿主）中，并为其营养而获得营养。寄生虫包括单细胞和多细胞动物，菌类，，，，细菌and病毒。这种关系对寄生虫有益，而宿主通常会受到不利影响。一些寄生虫对宿主有机体非常有害。它甚至可以导致寄主生物的死亡。有不同类型的寄生虫。专性寄生虫和辅助寄生虫就是两种类型。义务和兼职寄生虫之间的主要区别在于obligate parasite is unable to complete its life cycle without the host organism尽管即使没有宿主有机体，辅助寄生虫也能够继续其生命周期。当宿主缺席时，副本寄生虫无法繁殖，而兼职寄生虫不依赖宿主进行繁殖。

CONTENTS
1。概述和关键差异
2。什么是专性寄生虫
3。什么是兼职寄生虫
4。并排比较 - 义务与兼职寄生虫
5。Summary

什么是专性寄生虫?

Obligate parasite, also known asHoloparasite，是一种未完成或继续其的生物体生命周期没有主机。宿主有机体的存在对于专性寄生虫至关重要reproductionand survival. If the obligate parasite cannot reach a host organism, it affects its growth and reproduction. Since an obligate parasite requires a host, this type of a parasitic relationship often does not cause the death of host organism. An obligate parasite is capable of preserving the health of its host until transmitting into a new host. During the transmission to a new host, it causes the death of the host organism as it is necessary for their survival.

由于缺乏特定的寄主生物，大多数卑鄙的寄生虫死亡。因此，专有寄生虫具有各种不同的寄生策略，可以找到适合其生存的宿主。人力车，Trichomonas，Taenia，Trichinella， 和衣原体are examples of obligate parasites. Viruses are also considered as obligate parasites since they are not capable of reproducing and increasing in number without a host organism.

什么是兼职寄生虫？

辅助寄生虫是一种寄生虫，即使没有宿主有机体，也能够完成其生命周期。与专性寄生虫相比，它可以独立于主机生活，也可以与主机一起生活。宿主的存在不是兼职寄生虫生存的重要因素。大多数辅助寄生虫是自由生活的生物，它们很少感染宿主。Naegleria，Acanthamoeba，，，，念珠菌are examples of facultative parasites. Certain fungal species are facultative parasites in nature. Sometimes they behave like facultative parasites and the other times as saprophytes in the absence of a host.

What is the difference between Obligate and Facultative Parasite?

Obligate vs Facultative Parasite
一种寄生生物，要求寄主生物完成其生命周期，被称为强制性寄生虫。	A parasitic organism which is able to complete and continue its life cycle even with the absence of the host is known as a facultative parasite.
生命周期
专性寄生虫具有复杂的生命周期。	兼性寄生虫具有相对简单的生命周期。
主人的存在
专性寄生虫只能在其宿主的存在下生存。	即使没有宿主，辅助寄生虫也可以生存。
通过寄主生物传播
专性寄生虫直接从一个主机传播到另一个主机。	即使没有宿主，辅助寄生虫也可以通过其生命周期的重要阶段。他们不会直接从一个主人到另一个主机旅行。
自由生活的本性
Obligate parasites do not have free-living stages.	Facultative parasites are free living when the host is absent.

摘要 - 义务与兼职寄生虫

寄生is a symbiotic relationship between two organisms called a parasite and a host. In this relationship, a parasite gets advantages at the expense of the host. The parasite can be totally dependent on the host or partially dependent on the host for nutritional and reproductive requirements. An obligate parasite is strictly dependent on a host organism to complete its life cycle and survival. A facultative parasite does not strictly depend on a host to complete its life cycle. Even with the absence of the host, facultative parasites are able to complete their life cycles. This is the difference between an obligate parasite and a facultative parasite.

References:
1.Poisot，T.，M。Stanko，D。Miklisová和S. Morand。“辅助和卑鄙的寄生虫社区表现出不同的网络特性。”寄生学。美国国家医学图书馆，2013年9月。2017年4月17日。
2.“寄生虫。”寄生虫 - 新世界百科全书。N.P.，N.D。网络。2017年4月17日

图片提供：
1.“结核分枝杆菌细菌（1684398146） - 结核分枝杆菌细菌细菌(CC BY 2.0)通过下议院维基梅迪亚
2。“Armillaria mellea, Honey Fungus, UK 1” By Stu’s Images（CC BY-SA 3.0）通过下议院维基梅迪亚