Difference Between Telomeres and Telomerase

Key Difference – Telomeresvs Telomerase

遗传信息通过包装从父母传递给后代染色体。染色体是由线状结构脱氧核糖核酸molecules andproteins。Chromosomes possess genetic information in the form ofgenes。During有丝分裂和减数分裂，遗传信息流入子细胞。信息流向子细胞的成功流是由染色体的特殊区域完成的。这些区域位于染色体臂的末端，它们被称为端粒。端粒are protective caps of the chromosomes whereas Telomerase is an enzyme that controls telomeres.This is thekey differenceTelomerese和端粒酶之间的关系。

内容

1.Overview and Key Difference
2.What are Telomeres
3.What is Telomerase
4.Similarities Between Telomeres and Telomerase
5.并排比较 - 表格形式的端粒与端粒酶
6。概括

什么是端粒？

端粒are the extreme ends ofeukaryotic染色体。端粒are composed of repeating DNA sequences and multiple protein components. Telomeres can contain hundreds or thousands of same repeating sequence. They act as protective caps of the chromosome ends. Telomeres prevent loss of base pair sequences from the chromosome ends by the enzymatic degradation.

端粒also prevent chromosomes fusing to each other and maintain the stability of the chromosomes. DNA at very ends of the chromosomes cannot be fully copied in each time of replication. It can cause for shortening of the chromosomes. However, telomere arrangement at tips of the chromosomes facilitates the complete replication of linear DNA. Proteins associated with the telomere ends also help protect them and prevent them from triggering DNA repair pathways.

Thenucleotidesequence of the telomere region differs among the species. It is consists of noncoding tandemly repeated sequences. Length of the telomeres also varies among the different species, among the different cells, among the different chromosomes and according to the age of the cells. In humans and other vertebrates, commonly found repeating sequence unit in the telomeres is TTAGGG.

What is Telomerase?

Telomerase also known as telomere terminal transferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the extension of telomeres of chromosomes. The action of telomeres is also controlled by this enzyme. Telomerase is composed of protein and RNA subunits. It is a ribonucleoprotein. The RNA molecule carries by the telomerase enzyme that acts as a template to elongate telomeres by adding TTAGGG sequences to the existing chromosome ends.

Telomerase adds species-specific repeating sequences to the telomeres. When the overhanging sequences are long enough, normal脱氧核糖核酸replicationmachinery produces a互补DNA（cDNA）使用RNA作为模板的序列产生双链末端。端粒酶是RNA依赖性的脱氧核糖核酸polymeraseenzyme that uses an RNA template to make DNA for the addition. When telomeres are extended by telomerase,DNA损坏被阻止。

Telomerase is not active in most体细胞。Ingerm cells还有一些成年细胞，发现活性端粒酶。端粒酶也发现cancer cells由于许多癌细胞含有缩短端粒的染色体。因此，在癌症治疗期间，有必要抑制端粒酶作用，以阻止癌细胞的过度增殖。

What are the Similarities Between Telomeres and Telomerase?

• 端粒and telomerase are important in maintaining the chromosomal stability and integrity.
• 端粒are telomerase contain nucleotides and proteins.
• 端粒和端粒酶在细胞分裂期间正确地向子细胞的遗传信息传输至关重要。

What is the Difference Between Telomeres and Telomerase?

端粒与端粒酶
端粒are the repetitive regions at the very ends of eukaryotic chromosomes.	Telomerase is an enzyme or a ribonucleoprotein that controls telomeres.
功能
端粒special structures that provide protection from enzymatic end-degradation and maintain chromosome stability.	Telomerase catalyzes the addition of repeating units to the telomeres.
作品
端粒are mainly nucleic acids, and proteins as well.	端粒酶是由氨基酸和RNA亚基组成的酶。

摘要 - 端粒vs Telomerase

染色体尖端上存在的专门DNA盖称为端粒。端粒由物种特异性的重复DNA和蛋白质组成。它们通过酶促降解并保持染色体的稳定性来保护染色体末端。此外，端粒的存在阻止了染色体彼此的融合。端粒的长度可以是数百到数千个碱基对。端粒的长度在不同的细胞类型和细胞的年龄之间有所不同。端粒酶是控制端粒的酶。端粒通过酶端粒酶扩展。端粒酶为端粒添加重复序列，并扩展并维持端粒区域。端粒酶由蛋白质和RNA单位组成。 Telomerase uses its RNA subunits as a template for synthesizing and adding repeating units to the chromosome ends. This is the difference between telomeres and telomerase.

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You can download the PDF version of this article and use it for offline purposes as per citation note. Please download the PDF version here:Difference Between Telomeres and Telomerase

Reference:

1.“端粒酶”。Wikipedia，Wikimedia基金会，2018年2月4日。Available here
2.Blasco, María A., et al. “Telomeres and telomerase.” Genes & Development, Cold Spring Harbor Lab, 1 Jan. 1999, genesdev.cshlp.org/content/13/18/2353.full

Image Courtesy:

1.’Telomere’(CC BY-SA 3.0)viaCommons Wikimedia
2.'Uzbas，F，(CC BY-SA 3.0)viaCommons Wikimedia