Difference Between Somatic Cells and Gametes

Thekeydifferencebetween somatic cells and gametes depends on the ploidy of the genome.体细胞由diploid(2n) genome while gametes consist of a haploid (n) genome.

Reproduction is one of the main characteristics of a living organism. Reproduction is two modes such asasexual reproduction and sexual reproduction。Asexual reproduction occurs via somatic cells while the sexual reproduction occurs via gametes. Therefore, somatic cells are present all over the body. On the other hand, gametes are present only in reproductive organs. There are two types of gametes; male and female gametes. Sperms are male gametes while ova are female gametes.

内容

1.Overview and Key Difference
2.What are Somatic Cells
3.What are Gametes
4.Similarities Between Somatic Cells and Gametes
5.Side by Side Comparison – Somatic Cells vs Gametes in Tabular Form
6。概括

什么是体细胞？

In general, somatic cells are the biological cells present in the body. They include all types of cells except reproductive cells. Therefore, somatic cells do not involve in sexual reproduction but involve in asexual reproduction. In humans, somatic cells are diploid. Hence, two sets of homologous chromosomes are present in each cell. During asexual reproduction, they undergo mitosis producing two copies of identical cells.

干细胞produce somatic cells. Stem cells differentiate into many types of distinct cells. These somatic cells are capable of forming organs. Their function varies from one cell type to the other. In an adult human body, an average of three trillion somatic cells is present. Somatic cells later differentiate into muscle cells, neurons, liver cells, blood cells, etc.

What are Gametes?

Gametes are mature male or female reproductive cells. They are haploid cells since they contain only one set of homologous chromosomes. Male gametes are sperms, and female gametes are ova. Gametes involve only with the sexual reproduction. They are produced bymeiosis。在这里,雄性和雌性单倍体配子融合n a fertilization process giving rise to a diploid zygote. The resulting offspring receive one set of the同源染色体from each parent.

During the synthesis of gametes, due to replication errors, mutations can occur. These errors include indels, insertions and deletions of nucleotides in DNA, etc. These mutations are passed into the offspring through gametes.

What are the Similarities Between Somatic Cells and Gametes?

• Both somatic cells and gametes are involved in reproduction.
• Also, both are present in the living system.

What is the Difference Between Somatic Cells and Gametes?

Somatic cells are diploid cells whereas the gametes are haploid cells. Therefore, this is the key difference between somatic cells and gametes. Furthermore, stem cells give rise to somatic cells, and germ cells give rise to gametes. Thus, it is another difference between somatic cells and gametes. A further difference between somatic cells and gametes is that the meiosis does not take place during the production of somatic cells, whereas meiosis takes place during the gametogenesis (production of gametes) giving rise to haploid cells.

此外，体细胞和配子之间的区别在于，体细胞包含同源的染色体对，而配子仅包含未配对的染色体。此外，体细胞会形成身体的内部和外部结构，而配子则不存在。最重要的是，体内几乎到处都发现了体细胞，而配子仅限于某些部位。此外，体细胞在性繁殖过程中不融合，而在有性繁殖过程中配子融合会产生二倍体合子。因此，我们也可以将其视为体细胞和配子之间的差异。

The below infographic on the difference between somatic cells and gametes presents these differences as a side by side comparison.

概括– Somatic Cells vs Gametes

体细胞都是除生殖细胞以外的所有生物细胞。配子是成熟的雄性或女性生殖细胞，它们融合在一起，导致性施肥过程中的合子。体细胞和配子之间的关键差异取决于基因组的拼合物。体细胞由二倍体（2N）基因组组成，配子由单倍体（N）基因组组成。此外，干细胞会产生体细胞，并分化为许多类型的身体细胞。体细胞涉及无性繁殖，但配子参与性繁殖。男配子是精子，女配子是卵子。这是体细胞和配子之间差异的摘要。

Reference:

1.Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. “Gamete.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 26 Feb. 2016.Available here
2.“Somatic Cell.” ScienceDaily, ScienceDaily.Available here

Image Courtesy:

1.”Somatic cells stainied with NL-LW staining solution”By PeterNR – Own work,(CC BY-SA 4.0)viaCommons Wikimedia
2.“ 28407608404”Karl-Ludwig Poggemann（CC由2.0）viaFlickr