之间的区别Paraplegic and Quadriplegic

关键区别 - 截瘫与四肢瘫痪

截瘫和四肢瘫痪是两个麻痹conditions caused by damages to the中枢神经系统。截瘫是下肢的瘫痪of the body (below the waist) due to an injury to thespinal cord低于T1水平。四肢瘫痪，另一方面，is the paralysis of all four limbs including the trunk following an injury affecting the cervical spinal segments.这是半身不遂,关键的区别quadriplegic.

CONTENTS

1。概述和关键差异
2。什么是截瘫
3。什么是四肢瘫痪
4。截瘫和四肢瘫痪之间的相似之处
5.并排比较 - 截瘫与四肢瘫痪的表格形式
6.Summary

什么是截瘫？

截瘫是下肢的瘫痪of the body because of an injury to the spinal cord below the T1 level. Paraplegics have the complete control over their arms and hands. The degree of paralysis of the lower extremities depends on the nature of the spinal injury. In some patients, both感官和电机组件受到损害，而在其他一些部件中，只有轻微的感觉障碍出现。要强调的一个重要事实是，截瘫患者的腿通常是健康的，病理在于大脑或脊髓，无法适当控制腿部。

某些条件引起的截瘫可能是短暂的。因此，在受伤后立即诊断截瘫并不是明智的行动。

截瘫的原因

• Trauma
• Iatrogenic causes
• 中风
• Post partum出血或任何其他导致大脑灌注和脊髓灌注的原因
• 自身免疫性疾病
• 遗传原因
• Meningitis，，，，脑炎or other infections affecting the中枢神经系统
• 在相邻结构中压缩大脑或脊髓的任何肿瘤或病理条件。

截瘫对患者的影响

• 截瘫has a negative effect on the patient’s mind set. As a physician, it is important to pay attention to the physical, mental and social well-being of the patient during the management.
• The loss of sensations increases the chance of mechanical injuries.
• 免疫系统的抑制会增加继发感染的可能性。

截瘫的治疗

• In most occasions, complete recovery from paraplegia cannot be expected.
• 如果可能的话，尝试进行手术干预措施以纠正受伤部位的畸形。
• 抗凝剂并给予预防药物以最小化thrombosisand opportunistic infections respectively.
• Physiotherapy

什么是四肢瘫痪？

四肢瘫痪是所有四个四肢的瘫痪，包括躯干，因为损伤影响了宫颈脊柱。与截瘫类似，四肢瘫痪的四肢通常是健康的，问题在于中枢神经系统。

Causes

• Trauma
• Iatrogenic causes
• 压缩大脑或脊髓的肿瘤和其他病理生长
• 中枢神经系统感染
• 先天性原因

Impact of Quadriplegia on the Body

• Mental instability
• 尿液和粪便失禁
• Secondary infections
• Chronic pain
• Spasticity and fasciculations
• 性功能障碍
• Weight gain

如何照顾截瘫或四肢瘫痪的患者？

• 膀胱管理- 最初，患者无法控制bladder，这导致尿失禁。最终，患者通过调节腹部压力来形成反射膀胱排空。但是，大多数情况下，膀胱并没有完全清空，导致泌尿率保留。这增加了尿路感染and慢性肾衰竭。
• Bowel function– Manual evacuation of the bladder content is required immediately after the onset of the condition. The patient develops reflex emptying with time.
• Skin care– Regular turning and cleanliness are extremely important to prevent the occurrence of bed sores which can have fatal consequences.
• 下肢- 给予被动物理疗法以防止缔约的发展。通过肌肉松弛剂（如巴氯芬）的给药可以最大程度地减少肌肉痉挛和束缚。
• 复原- 如今，专业设施可以使受影响的个人自己自行进行日常活动。这一目的是提高患者的信心。

截瘫和四肢瘫痪之间有什么相似之处？

• Both conditions are due to the damages to the central nervous system that results in the loss of control over the limbs and torso.
• Both paraplegia and quadriplegia have a negative impact on the patient’s mentality.

截瘫和四肢瘫痪之间有什么区别？

截瘫与四肢瘫痪
截瘫是下肢的瘫痪of the body (below the waist) due to an injury to the spinal cord below the T1 level.	Quadriplegia is the paralysis of all four limbs including the trunk following an injury affecting the cervical spinal segments.
Affected Area
Only the lower extremities (below the waist line) are affected.	包括躯干在内的所有四肢都受到影响。
Causes
截瘫is usually because of an injury affecting the spinal segments below T1 level.	四肢瘫痪是由于影响宫颈脊髓段的损伤。

Summary – Paraplegic vs Quadriplegic

截瘫是下肢的瘫痪of the body following an injury to the brain or the spinal cord below the T1 level. Quadriplegia is the paralysis of both upper limbs and lower limbs including the torso due to an injury to the brain or the cervical segments of the spinal cord. This is the main difference between paraplegia and quadriplegia. Although these conditions are not curable most of the time, the patients’ standard of living can be immensely improved to give them the confidence to look at the future hopefully.

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References:

1。Kumar, Parveen J., and Michael L. Clark. Kumar & Clark clinical medicine. Edinburgh: W.B. Saunders, 2009. Print.

图片提供：

1. Luis MiguelBugalloSánchez（Lmbuga Commons）（Lmbuga Galipedia）的“ Paraplexia瘫痪” - Commons。（CC BY-SA 3.0）通过下议院维基梅迪亚