Key Difference – Multiple Sclerosis vs Motor Neuron Disease
几种炎症性疾病会影响central nervous system。Multiple Sclerosis is the most common neuroinflammatory disease among them. Motor Neuron Disease (MND) is a neurodegenerative disorder affecting the CNS. Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the progressive loss of神经元。这些疾病大多在老年时看到。失智and MND are examples of neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, the key difference between multiple sclerosis and motor neuron disease is that多发性硬化症是一种神经炎性疾病,而MND是一种神经退行性疾病。
内容
1.概述和关键差异
2。什么是运动神经元疾病
3。What is Multiple Sclerosis
4。多发性硬化症和运动神经元疾病之间的相似之处
5。Side by Side Comparison – Multiple Sclerosis vs Motor Neuron Disease in Tabular Form
6。概括
什么是运动神经元疾病(MND)?
运动神经元疾病(MND)是一种严重的医学疾病,会导致渐进性无力,最终导致呼吸衰竭或抽吸引起的死亡。该疾病的年发病率为2/100000,表明该疾病相对罕见。在某些国家,这种疾病被确定为肌萎缩性侧硬化症(ALS). Individuals between 50 to 75 years of age are usually the victims of this disease. In MND, sensory system is spared. Therefore, sensory symptoms such as numbness, tingling and pain do not occur.
发病
Upper and lower motor neurons in the脊髓,,,,cranial nerve运动核和皮层是受MND影响的中枢神经系统的主要组成部分。但是,其他神经元系统也可能受到影响。例如,在5%的患者中,可以看到额颞痴呆,而在40%的患者额叶认知障碍中。MND的原因是未知的。但是人们普遍认为蛋白质聚集axons是导致MND的潜在发病机理。谷氨酸介导的兴奋性和氧化神经元损伤也参与发病机理。
临床表现
在MND中,可以看到四个主要的临床模式。这些可能与疾病的进展合并。
肌萎缩性侧硬化症(ALS)
ALS是典型的副塑性表现,通常从一个肢体开始,然后逐渐扩散到其他肢体和躯干肌肉。临床表现将是局灶性肌肉无力和浪费,肌肉迷恋。抽筋很常见。在检查时,可以找到迅速反射,伸足面反应和痉挛,这是上运动神经元病变的迹象。在几个月内,症状严重恶化将确认诊断。
Progressive Muscular Atrophy
This causes weakness, muscle wasting, and fasciculation. These symptoms usually begin in one limb and then spread to the adjacent spinal segments. This is a pure lower motor neuron lesion presentation.
进行性鳞茎和伪阳性麻痹
出现症状构造障碍,,,,dysphagia,流体和堵塞的鼻腔反流。这些原因是由于下颅神经核的参与及其核上连接。在混合的鳞茎麻痹中,可以观察到缓慢,僵硬的舌头运动的舌头。在伪羽毛麻痹中,可以看到病理性笑声和哭泣的情绪动荡。
Primary Lateral Sclerosis
原发性侧硬化是MND的一种罕见形式,它导致逐渐进行性四核和假胞瘫。
诊断
该疾病的诊断主要基于临床怀疑。可以进行调查以排除其他可能的原因。由于下运动神经元的退化,可以做到EMG确认肌肉的去神经。
Prognosis and Management
尚未证明可以改善结果。Riluzole可以减慢疾病的进展,并且可以使患者的预期寿命增加3-4个月。尽管生存超过3年是不寻常的,但通过胃造口术和非侵入性呼吸机的喂养有助于延长患者的生存。
什么是多发性硬化症(MS)?
多发性硬化症是慢性自身免疫,,,,T细胞mediated inflammatory disease affecting the central nervous system. Multiple areas of demyelination are found in the brain and the spinal cord. The incidence of MS is higher among women. MS mostly occurs between 20 and 40 years of age. The prevalence of the disease varies according to the geographical region and ethnic background. The patients with MS are susceptible to other autoimmune disorders. Both genetic and environmental factors influence the pathogenesis of the disease. Three commonest presentations of MS are optic neuropathy, brain stem demyelination, and spinal cord lesions.
发病
T细胞介导的炎症过程主要发生在大脑的白质和脊髓产生脱髓鞘斑块中。通常发现2-10mm尺寸的斑块在视神经,脑室区域,call体,脑干及其小脑连接和颈椎。
在MS中,周围髓鞘神经没有直接影响。以严重的疾病形式,永久性轴突破坏会导致进行性残疾。
多发性硬化症的类型
- 复发复发MS
- Secondary progressive MS
- 主要进行性MS
- 复发性促进MS
常见的体征和症状
- 眼睛运动的疼痛
- 中央视觉/颜色去饱和/密集的中央Scotoma的轻度雾气
- Reduced vibration sensation and proprioception in feet
- 笨拙的手或肢体
- Unsteadiness in walking
- 泌尿紧急和频率
- Neuropathic pain
- Fatigue
- 痉挛状态
- 抑郁症
- 性别ual dysfunction
- 温度灵敏度
In late MS, severe debilitating symptoms with optic atrophy, nystagmus, spastic tetraparesis, ataxia, brainstem signs, pseudobulbar palsy, urinary incontinence and cognitive impairment can be seen.
诊断
如果患者患有2次或更多的攻击影响中枢神经系统的不同部位,则可以对MS进行诊断。可以进行MRI,CT和CSF检查等研究,以提供诊断的支持证据。
管理和预后
There is no definitive cure for MS. But several immunomodulatory drugs have been introduced to modify the course of the inflammatory relapsing-remitting phase of MS. These are known as Disease Modifying Drugs (DMDs). beta-interferon and glatiramer acetate are examples of such drugs.
多发性硬化症和运动神经元疾病之间的相似之处是什么
- 多发性硬化症和运动神经元疾病影响神经系统
- There is no definitive cure for both these disorders.
What is the Difference Between Multiple Sclerosis and Motor Neuron Disease?
多发性硬化症与运动神经元疾病 |
|
多发性硬化症是慢性自身免疫,,,,T细胞mediated inflammatory disease affecting the Central Nervous System. | MND是一种严重的医疗状况,会导致渐进性无力,并最终因呼吸衰竭或抽吸而导致死亡。 |
疾病类型 | |
Mulitple硬化症是一种神经炎症性疾病。 | Mndis a neurodegenerative disorder |
Age Group | |
Multiple sclerosis affects relatively young individuals between 20 to 40 years of age. | Mndpatients are usually between 50 to 70 years of age. |
性别 | |
女性多发性硬化症的发生率更高。 | MND主要发生在男性中。 |
发病 | |
多发性硬化是由神经元脱髓鞘引起的。 | 蛋白在轴突中的积累是MND的潜在发病机理。 |
摘要 - 多发性硬化症与运动神经元疾病
Mndis a neurodegenerative disease where the symptoms worsen at a rapid pace. Although multiple sclerosis, which is a neuroinflammatory disorder, progresses at a relatively slow rate, it can also cause serious neuronal impairments. This is the main difference between multiple sclerosis and motor neuron disease.
下载多发性硬化症与运动神经元疾病的PDF版本
You can download PDF version of this article and use it for offline purposes as per citation note. Please download PDF version here多发性硬化症和运动神经元疾病之间的差异。
参考:
1.库马尔,,,,Parveen J., and Michael L. Clark. Kumar & Clark clinical medicine. Edinburgh: W.B. Saunders, 2009. Print.
图片提供:
1.“”ALS Cross”弗兰克·盖拉德(Frank Gaillard) -(CC BY-SA 3.0)通过下议院维基梅迪亚
2。“Symptoms of multiple sclerosis” By Mikael Häggström – (Public Domain) via下议院维基梅迪亚
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