之间的区别Central and Peripheral Nervous System

的key differencebetween central and peripheral nervous system is that the中枢神经系统包括大脑和spinal cordwhile the peripheral nervous system includes all of the神经该从大脑和脊髓分支出来，并延伸到身体的其他部位，包括肌肉和器官。

的nervous system is a vital organ system of our body that comprises a set of organs and a network of neurons. Furthermore, it comprises several other components such as other specialized cells, supportive cells, tissues, and biochemicals, etc., which help in the proper functioning of the nervous system. The major functions of the nervous system are acquisition, processing, comprehension, storing and transmission of information throughout the body. For this purpose, there are multiple organs, and sensory organs arranged all over the body, that have varied and very discrete functions.

因此，根据这些器官的分布，我们可以将神经系统分为两个主要组成部分。也就是说，它们是中枢神经系统和周围神经系统。在这里，中枢神经系统充当信息的主要处理单元，而周围神经系统将中枢神经系统与身体的其他部位联系起来。

1。Overview and Key Difference
2。What is Central Nervous System
3.What is Peripheral Nervous System
4.Similarities Between Central and Peripheral Nervous System
5.并排比较 - 表格形式的中央与周围神经系统
6.Summary

What is Central Nervous System?

Central nervous system is one of the two major components of the vertebrate nervous system. It consists of two main organs; the brain and the spinal cord. Hence, they are vital organs that should be protected from damage. Structurally, these two have very specific bony protective coverings supplemented by the other soft tissues. They are the skull and the vertebral column. Our skull protects the brain while our vertebral column protects the spinal cord.

在考虑大脑结构时，其中有三个主要部分，例如前脑，中脑和后脑。前脑的离散区域介导了大多数功能映射，用于肌肉运动，感觉感知和执行功能。另一方面，中脑对于通过协调诸如防御性生理反射，呼吸和心脏起搏器控制等功能的功能来保持人的活力至关重要。从结构上讲，中脑也构成了脑干的一部分。最后，后脑涉及小脑的形成，这对于维持身体的平衡至关重要。

之间的区别Central and Peripheral Nervous System_Fig 01

图01：中枢神经系统

脊髓是中枢神经系统的第二个主要部分。这是一个由神经组织组成的长而薄的管状结构，从脑干到椎骨的腰部区域。另外，三个保护膜围绕着脊髓。脊髓具有可作为控制中心的可区分区域，可作为从大脑到周围神经的信息。此外，它还协调外围器官的反射功能。

What is Peripheral Nervous System?

周围神经系统是脊椎动物神经系统的第二个组成部分。它充当中枢神经系统与身体部位之间的结缔组织。因此，它包含中枢神经系统外神经的所有神经和神经节。此外，周围神经系统的两个主要分裂介导了自愿运动和非自愿运动。他们是体细胞神经系统和自主神经系统。All the involuntary actions such as blood flow, heartbeat, digestion, and breathing, etc., are linked with the autonomic nervous system. In contrast, somatic nervous system coordinates all the voluntary motor activities throughcranial nerves and spinal nerves。

之间的区别Central and Peripheral Nervous System_Fig 02

Figure 02: Peripheral Nervous System

Here, the involuntary ones are mostly for visceral organs. Thus, they are within the scope of the autonomic nervous system. The autonomic nerves that have distributions to cranial nerves, as well as forming spinal nerve plexi on occasion, are of two types. Namely, they aresympathetic and parasympathetic。的sympathetic nervous system is responsible for flight-fight responses and prepares our body for incoming threats. On the other hand, the parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for the rest and digest response and conserving the energy of the body.

中央神经系统和周围神经系统之间有什么相似之处？

Central and peripheral nervous system are the major parts of the nervous system.
Both are vital systems in processing and coordinating information within the body.
Also, both transmit nerve impulses.
并且，两者都包含神经或神经元。

What is the Difference Between Central and Peripheral Nervous System?

中央和周围神经系统是脊椎动物神经系统的两个主要部分。中枢神经系统和周围神经系统之间的区别在于中枢神经系统包括大脑和脊髓，而周围神经系统包括中枢神经系统外的所有神经。中枢神经系统和周围神经系统之间的另一个区别是他们执行的主要功能。中枢神经系统充当信息的中央处理单元，而周围神经系统将中枢神经系统的创建信息传输到身体的每个部位。尽管存在这些差异，但两个神经系统都由称为神经元的相同细胞来管理。此外，它们具有相同的生理学，相同的传导信息方式和相似的支持结构。

的below infographic shows the difference between central and peripheral nervous system as a side by side comparison.

摘要 - 中央与周围神经系统

神经系统具有两个主要系统，即中枢神经系统和周围神经系统。中枢神经系统是处理信息的主要枢纽。周围神经系统将信息从中枢神经系统传递到身体的每个部位。这是中央神经系统和周围神经系统之间的关键区别。除此之外，中枢神经系统有两个主要器官。周围神经系统的脑和脊髓有两个系统。体细胞神经系统和自主神经系统。与中枢神经系统不同，外周神经系统仅由神经细胞和神经节组成。这也是中央和周围神经系统之间的另一个区别。

参考：

1. Lewis，Tanya。“人大脑：事实，功能和解剖结构。”Livessience，Purch，2018年9月28日。Available here
2.脊髓的解剖学（第2节，第3章）在线神经科学：神经科学的电子教科书|神经生物学和解剖学系 - 休斯顿德克萨斯大学医学院。Available here