Difference Between Glial Cells and Neurons

关键差异 - 神经胶质细胞与神经元

The nervous system of the body is of two components:central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS is composed of the brain and spinal cord.运动神经元,autonomic nervous system, and enteric nervous system are present in the PNS. The nervous system involves the transmission of signals, both electrical and chemical, in order to regulate different voluntary and involuntary actions of the body. The nervous system is composed of two different cell types: neurons and glial cells. Neurons are the basic structural units of the nervous system.Neurons are involved in the transmission of electrical and chemical signals along the body to control voluntary and involuntary actions同时神经胶质细胞在调节执行的作用homeostasisof the nervous system which provides adequate protection and support in the functioning of the nervous system.这是神经胶质细胞和神经元之间的关键区别。

内容

1.Overview and Key Difference
2.What are Glial Cells
3.什么是神经元
4.Similarities Between Glial Cells and Neurons
5.并排比较 - 胶质细胞与表格形式的神经元
6。概括

What are Glial Cells?

神经胶质细胞，也称为神经元，是中枢神经系统中的一种支持细胞。它们是参与调节中枢神经系统和PNS中稳态的非神经细胞，并为神经系统的功能提供支持和保护。

Glial cells are of two types: microglia and macroglia.Microgliais considered as special巨噬细胞具有执行能力phagocytosisand destroypathogens.Macroglia帮助合成髓磷脂，并为神经系统提供足够的营养支持。小胶质细胞包括oligodendrocytes，星形胶质细胞，室心膜细胞，Schwann cells和卫星细胞。神经胶质细胞是中枢神经系统中最丰富的细胞类型。星形胶质细胞是大脑中众多类型的神经胶质细胞。

Glial cells have different functions in both CNS and PNS. They surround neurons and hold neurons in place and provide adequate nutrients and oxygen to them. Neuroglia also insulates neurons by forming insulating layers around theaxons，破坏潜在的病原体并从神经系统中去除死亡神经元。

什么是神经元?

A neuron is the structural unit of the nervous system. It has the ability to conduct both electrical and chemical impulses throughout the body in order to control voluntary and involuntary actions. The exchange of signals between neurons is accomplished by the presence of special structures calledsynapses, connecting with each other to form a network of neurons. A typical neuron consists of a cell body known as ‘soma,’dendritesand an axon which can bemyelinated带有雪旺细胞或unmyelinated. The neuron is an important structure of the CNS and autonomic nervous system of PNS.

Neurons are of many types according to the function they perform.Sensory neuronsconduct nerve impulses by the stimuli received on sensory organs and transmit into the brain.运动神经元从大脑到相关的肌肉，器官或腺体进行信号。Intermediate neuronsconnect other neurons together inside the brain and the spinal cord.

What are the Similarities Between Glial Cells and Neurons?

• Both neurons and glial cells are a part of the nervous system.
• Glial cells and neurons have a resting potential.

神经胶质细胞和神经元有什么区别？

神经胶质细胞与神经元
Glial cells are secondary supporting cells which are involved in the regulation of homeostasis of the nervous system and protection.	Neurons are the basic structural units of the nervous system which are involved in the transmission of impulses throughout the body during coordination of voluntary and involuntary actions.
冲动的传播
Glial cells do not conduct electrical impulses.	Neurons transmit both electrical and chemical impulses.
Components
在神经胶质细胞中，轴突和NISL颗粒不存在。	在神经元s, axons and nissl granules are present.
Cell Division
神经胶质细胞具有随着年龄的增长而进行细胞分裂的能力。	Neurons are non-renewable. They lack the ability of regeneration and keep to their original form till death.
功能
The glial cells surround neurons and regulate homeostasis of the nervous system, support and protect it.	神经元传递神经冲动以协调自愿和非自愿行动。

摘要 - 神经胶细胞与神经元

神经系统由两个组成部分组成：中枢神经系统和PN。神经元是神经系统的基本结构单位，参与整个身体神经冲动的传播。神经胶质细胞通过调节稳态来在神经系统的功能中发挥支持作用。神经元是三种类型：运动神经元，感觉神经元和中间神经元。神经胶质细胞是不同的类型。少突胶质细胞，星形胶质细胞，室心室细胞，雪旺氏细胞，小胶质细胞和卫星细胞。神经胶质细胞不会传播神经脉冲，但是神经元在整个人体中都会传递化学和电信号。这是神经胶质细胞和神经元之间的差异。

Download PDF Version of Glial Cells vs Neurons

You can download PDF version of this article and use it for offline purposes as per citation note. Please download PDF version hereDifference Between Glial Cells and Neurons.

参考：

1.“神经元结构和功能的概述（文章）。”可汗学院。N.P.，N.D。网络。Available here. 04 Aug. 2017.
2.贵族，戴尔。“神经细胞。”神经科学。第二版。美国国家医学图书馆，1970年1月1日。Available here. 04 Aug. 2017.

Image Courtesy:

1. “Blausen 0870 TypesofNeuroglia” By Blausen.com staff (2014). “Medical gallery of Blausen Medical 2014”. WikiJournal of Medicine 1 (2). DOI:10.15347/wjm/2014.010. ISSN 2002-4436. – Own work(CC BY 3.0)viaCommons Wikimedia
2. “Neuron”(CC BY-SA 3.0)viaCommons Wikimedia