Difference Between Autoimmune Disease and Immune Deficiency

Key Difference – Autoimmune Disease vs Immune Deficiency

让我们首先简要考虑什么immune systembefore looking at the difference between autoimmune disease and immune deficiency. The immune system is the defense system of the body which helps to protect self-tissues from harmful external agents.Autoimmune diseases是由过度活跃的免疫系统引起的，导致在没有有害刺激的情况下损坏了自我组织和器官。免疫缺陷是一种疾病the immune system is not capable of mounting an immune response against foreign material,免疫系统中的单个或多个缺陷引起的生物。这是key differencebetween autoimmune disease and immune deficiency.

What is Autoimmune Disease?

Autoimmune diseases are caused by inappropriate activation of the immune system causing damage to self-tissues. The immune system develops antibodies or细胞介导的免疫力against our own tissues in the absence of a harmful刺激。This leads to the damage of self-tissues causing vital organ failures. Although the etiology is not clear, genetic susceptibility and environmental agents such as ultraviolet rays, drugs (e.g. hydralazine) are known to induce autoimmunity. These diseases can occur as systemic or local. Systemic Lupus Erythematous (SLE), Systemic Sclerosis (SS), and类风湿关节炎diseases are some examples of systemic diseases where multiple organs are affected. Examples of local diseases where only a single organ is affected are Grave’s disease, Myasthenia gravis, etc. In these conditions, specific抗体可以在患者的患者中检测到各种细胞或核受体serum, which are helpful as biomarkers in the diagnosis. Autoimmune diseases are treated with immune suppressants such as steroids, methotrexate, and azathioprine. These conditions occur more commonly among middle age females but not necessarily. The autoimmune disease usually has a remitting and relapsing course. Prognosis vary depending on the extent of the organs affected.

什么是免疫缺陷？

免疫缺陷是免疫系统缺乏单个或多个成分。因此，这些患者无法根据缺失的成分对某些病原体进行有效的免疫反应。例如，这些缺陷可以是细胞免疫，体液免疫或在补充系统中。免疫缺陷可以继承或acquired immunity。由于某些疾病，例如糖尿病，HIV或药物，例如免疫抑制剂，可能会发生这种情况。通常，这些患者患有复发或非典型患者infections.Diagnosis is based on the detection of the missing component of the immune system by laboratory assays. Treatment is mainly by prevention of infections by immunization, prophylactic antibiotics as well as by replacement of the missing component of the immune system in certain cases. These patients will have poor quality lifestyle due to recurrent infections. A permanent cure is not usually possible, and some cases can be treated with stem cell transplantation. These patients need lifelong follow-up and care.

自身免疫性疾病和免疫缺陷有什么区别？

Definitions of Autoimmune Disease and Immune Deficiency:

Autoimmune Disease:Autoimmunity is caused by an overactive immune system in the absence of a pathogen.

免疫缺陷:免疫缺陷is caused by an insufficient immune response in the presence of a pathogen or opportunistic organism.

Characteristics of Autoimmune Disease and Immune Deficiency:

年龄

Autoimmune Disease:Autoimmune disease is common in middle age people.

免疫缺陷:在免疫缺陷中，年龄分布取决于根本原因。

Sex

Autoimmune Disease:Autoimmune disease is common among females.

免疫缺陷:No specific sex distribution for immune deficiency.

课程

Autoimmune Disease:自身免疫性疾病有一个恢复和复发的病程。

免疫缺陷:免疫缺陷is static and may increase in severity with time.

Etiology

Autoimmune Disease:Autoimmune disease is multifactorial

免疫缺陷:免疫缺陷是由一个特定的基因defect or environmental cause leading to suppression of single or multiple components of the immune system.

Diagnosis

Autoimmune Disease:Immune biomarkers are helpful in the diagnosis with the typical associations of symptoms and signs for autoimmune diseases.

免疫缺陷:免疫缺陷is diagnosed by detecting the missing component of the immune system by specific laboratory assays.

治疗

Autoimmune Disease:Autoimmune disease is treated with immune suppressants.

免疫缺陷:免疫缺陷是通过输血，预防免疫和预防感染或在干细胞移植的选定病例中替换缺失的成分来治疗免疫缺陷。

Image Courtesy:

“Symptoms of SLEH” äggström, Mikael. “MikaelHäggström的医疗画廊2014“。Wikiversity Journal of Medicine1（2）。（（CC0） 通过Commons

MikaelHäggström的“艾滋病症状”。“Medical gallery of Mikael Häggström 2014”。Wikiversity Journal of Medicine 1 (2). (CC0） 通过Commons