Difference Between Lipoprotein and Apolipoprotein

关键区别 - 脂蛋白与载脂蛋白

等离子体构成不同的脂蛋白。Fats降解后的油被包装到脂蛋白中，这些脂蛋白通过血液运输到靶器官。脂蛋白是复杂的，水溶性的大分子，由A组成hydrophobiclipidcomponent and one or more specific hydrophilicproteins。载脂蛋白是蛋白质分子，与脂质形成复合物以形成脂蛋白，它们特异于每种类型的脂蛋白。这key differencebetween Lipoprotein and Apolipoproteins is in their constituents.脂蛋白由脂质成分和特定蛋白质成分组成，而载脂蛋白是复合脂蛋白的蛋白质成分。

内容

1.Overview and Key Difference
2.什么是脂蛋白
3.什么是载脂蛋白
4.脂蛋白和载脂蛋白之间的相似性
5.Side by Side Comparison –Lipoprotein vs Apolipoprotein in Tabular Form
6.概括

什么是脂蛋白？

脂蛋白是脂质和蛋白质复合物plasma生物。脂蛋白参与包装和运输甘油三酸酯,cholesterol，免费fatty acids在其目标生物的血浆中。这种脂质蛋白质复合物是一种两者都有两者亲水性regions and hydrophobic regions. The property of hydrophobicity is brought about by the lipid component which includesphospholipids, cholesterol, and triglyceride, whereas the property of hydrophilicity is brought about by the protein component. Thus, it is partially soluble and form micelle structures in water and bring about transportation of fats.

Types of Lipoprotein

有四种主要的脂蛋白 -乳糜微粒,高密度脂蛋白（HDL），低密度脂蛋白（LDL）， 和非常低密度脂蛋白（VLDL）。乳糜微粒是脂蛋白的最大类型。它们主要参与饮食甘油三酸酯和胆固醇的包装和运输。因此，它们主要是在肠道中合成和作用的。当出现游离脂肪酸的需求时，lipoprotein lipase作用于乳糜微粒和德grades the chylomicron releasing free fatty acids and the chylomicron remnant.

HDL is the smallest lipoprotein which acts as a cholesterol carrier that is present both in the liver and in the intestines. The HDL lipoprotein has the ability to transport cholesterol present in the peripheral tissues of the liver. This will enable to get rid of the excess cholesterol deposits and generally termed as safer.

VLDL和LDL是另一个重要的脂蛋白，具有许多功能角色。LDL是VLDL的退化产物。当VLDL通过脂蛋白脂肪酶进行水解时，会形成LDL。VLDL和LDL转运甘油三酸酯和胆固醇都从细胞中移出到周围，导致条件atherosclerosis。因此，LDL和VLDL水平升高表明心血管疾病的风险增加

什么是载脂蛋白？

载脂蛋白是脂蛋白分子的蛋白质成分。由于它是蛋白质成分，因此可以通过SDS – polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis。载脂蛋白是亲水性的，因此有助于血浆中的运输。载脂蛋白调节脂蛋白代谢，并且由于其拥有的独特特性而是重要成分。载脂蛋白的主要功能是；

• 将脂质的运输和重新分布到各种周围组织
• Act as辅因子for some enzymes involved in lipid metabolism
• Maintenance of the structure and integrity of the lipoproteins.

Types of Apolipoprotein

这re are four main apolipoproteins namely; apo-A, apo-B, apo-C and apo-E

Apo-Aor Apolipoprotein A has subtypes; namely, apoA- I, apoA- II and apoA – IV

apoa - 我是HDL中的主要成分，也是在乳糜微粒中发现的，很少在VLDL或其残留物中。APOA - 我在肝脏和肠道中都合成。APOA - 我在肝脏中合成的apoA被包装成乳糜微粒，但很快被转移到HDL颗粒中。肝apoa - 我与HDL直接相关。APOA - 我还用作卵磷脂胆固醇酰基转移酶（LCAT）的辅因子，该酶是一种用于形成胆固醇酯的酶。

apoa - 我I, similar to apoA – I, occurs primarily in HDL, and the primary site of synthesis is the liver. Thus, both apoA – I and II are involved in transporting lipids into the liver.

apoa - 我V是乳糜微粒中突出的载脂蛋白，因此主要在肠和肝脏中合成。它在血浆中大量发现。它的功能类似于ApoA I和II，并促进脂质的运输（甘油三酸酯）

apo bis of two main types; apoB – 100 and apoB – 48. ApoB – 100 is the major obligatory component of VLDL and LDL whereas apoB-48 is the major component found in chylomicrons and chylomicron remnants. ApoB – 100 is the protein determinant in LDL that recognizes the LDL receptor in order to initiate LDL catabolism.

apo cis characterized by the low molecular weight of these apolipoproteins. They are constituents of chylomicrons, VLDL and HDL. They act as surface molecules in these lipoproteins. ApoC also has three main forms as ApoC – I, II and III where ApoC-III is the most abundant type.

ApoEis an important apolipoprotein with many diverse functions and is a constituent in chylomicrons, chylomicron remnants, HDL and VLDL. There functions range from cholesterol transport to metabolism; receptor-mediated uptake of lipoproteins, heparin binding, the formation of cholesteryl ester particles, and inhibition of mitogenic stimulation of lymphocytes; all of them are complex mechanisms.

What are the Similarities Between Lipoprotein and Apolipoprotein?

• 两者都形成了称为脂蛋白的功能分子。
• Both are essential in fat and cholesterol metabolism.
• 两者都参与甘油三酸酯和胆固醇的运输和分布。
• Both act as biomarkers for various cardiovascular states and metabolic imbalances.

What is the Difference Between Lipoprotein and Apolipoprotein?

脂蛋白与载脂蛋白
脂蛋白s are complex, water-soluble macromolecules which are composed of a hydrophobic lipid component and one or more specific hydrophilic proteins.	载脂蛋白是蛋白质分子，与脂质形成复合物以形成脂蛋白。载脂蛋白特异于每种类型的脂蛋白。
Polarity
脂蛋白s are amphipathic containing both polar and nonpolar components.	载脂蛋白是亲水性的，因此它们含有极性成分。

概括–脂蛋白与载脂蛋白

脂蛋白s and apolipoproteins are interrelated terms where lipoproteins are formed from a lipid component and a specific apolipoprotein whereas Apolipoproteins are specific for different lipoproteins. Their major function is to facilitate transportation and distribution of lipids (in the form of triglycerides) and cholesterol in the body. This can be taken as the difference between Lipoprotein and Apolipoprotein.

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参考

1. Mahley, R W, et al. “Plasma lipoproteins: apolipoprotein structure and function.”脂质研究杂志。在这里可用

Image Courtesy:

1.脂蛋白的结构 - 反义 - 自己的工作(CC BY-SA 3.0)viaCommons Wikimedia
2.’2512乳糜微粒包含甘油三酸酯分子和其他脂质的开放式学院 - 解剖与生理学，联系网站。Jun 19, 2013.(CC BY 3.0)viaCommons Wikimedia