ALT和AST有什么区别|比较类似术语之间的差异

Thekey difference在ALT和AST之间is that ALT (alanine transaminase) is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of an amino group fromL-alanine到AST（天冬氨酸转氨酶）的α-酮戊二酸酯是一种酶，可催化氨基从L-天冬氨酸转移到α-酮戊烷。

Liver enzymes are proteins that normally speed up chemical reactions in the body. These chemical reactions include the production ofbile，生产有助于凝结，分解食物和毒素以及与感染作斗争的物质的生产。一些常见的肝酶包括ALP（碱性磷酸酶），ALT（丙氨酸转氨酶），AST（天冬氨酸转氨酶）和GGT（γ-谷氨酰转移酶）。如果肝脏受伤，这些酶将释放到血液中。

内容

1.Overview and Key Difference
2.是什么ALT
3.什么是ast
4.Similarities – ALT and AST
5.ALT vs AST in Tabular Form
6。摘要 - Alt vs AST

什么是Alt（丙氨酸转氨酶）？

ALT is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of an amino group from L-alanine to α-ketoglutarate. The products of this reversible transamination reaction are丙酮酸和glutamate. ALT is an enzyme that is found in the liver. It was formerly called serum glutamate-pyruvate transaminase or serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT). ALT was first characterized by Arthur Karmen and colleagues in 1950. ALT requires the coenzyme pyridoxal phosphate for its actions. In ALT catalyzed reactions, pyridoxal phosphate is converted into pyridoxamine in the first phase of the reaction, when an amino acid is converted into a ketoacid. ALT is most commonly found in the liver. It is also present in various body tissues and plasma.

Figure 01: ALT

Moreover, the half-life of ALT in circulation is around 47 hours. ALT is cleared by sinusoidal cells in the liver. Furthermore, elevated levels of ALT often suggest the presence of medical conditions such as viral hepatitis, diabetes, congestive heart failure, liver damage, bile duct problems, infectious mononucleosis, or myopathy.

什么是ast(Aspartate Transaminase)?

AST is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of an amino group from L-aspartate to α-ketoglutarate. AST also catalyzes the interconversion of aspartate and α-ketoglutarate to oxaloacetate and glutamate. It is an enzyme that is found in the liver, brain, pancreas, heart, kidneys, lungs, and skeletal muscles. As a prototypical transaminase, the enzyme AST relies on PLP (pyridoxal phosphate) to transfer the amino group from aspartate to the corresponding keto acid. There are two isoenzymes found for this particular AST enzyme. The cytosolic enzyme (GOT1/cAST) derives mainly from red blood cells and the heart. The mitochondrial isoenzyme (GOT2/mAST) is present predominantly in the liver.

Figure 02: AST

此外，这种酶首先由Arthur Karmen及其同事在1954年描述。循环中总AST的半衰期约为17小时（线粒体AST平均87小时）。该酶也被肝脏中正弦细胞清除。此外，AST水平升高可能表明疾病，例如心肌梗塞，急性胰腺炎，急性溶血性贫血，严重灼伤，急性肾脏疾病，肌肉骨骼疾病和创伤。

What are the Similarities Between ALT and AST?

Alt和AST是两个肝酶。
两者都是转氨酶。
Both catalyze the transfer of an amino group from amino acid to corresponding keto acid.
They need PLP (pyridoxal phosphate) for their reactions.
Both were first described by Arthur Karmen.
ALT/AST ratio is commonly measured clinically as a biomarker for liver health.
They are usually cleared by sinusoidal cells in the liver.

ALT和AST的区别是什么?

ALT (alanine transaminase) is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of an amino group from L-alanine to α-ketoglutarate while AST (aspartate transaminase) is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of an amino group from L-aspartate to α-ketoglutarate. Thus, this is the key difference between ALT and AST. Furthermore, ALT is found predominantly in the liver, with negligible quantities found in the kidneys, heart, and skeletal muscle. On the other hand, AST is found in the liver, heart, skeletal muscle, kidneys, brain, and red blood cells.

下面的信息图显示了与表格形式的ALT和AST之间的差异，以进行并排比较.

摘要 - Alt vs AST

ALT and AST are two liver transaminase enzymes. ALT catalyzes the transfer of an amino group from L-alanine to α-ketoglutarate, while AST catalyzes the transfer of an amino group from L-aspartate to α-ketoglutarate. So, this is the summary of the difference between ALT and AST.