这关键区别between oxidation and fermentation depends on the type of chemical reaction.氧化是化学过程,在存在氧气的情况下,化合物在氧气存在下进行氧化,而发酵是在没有氧气的情况下从糖中生产糖,醇和二氧化碳的化学过程。
氧化和发酵是生化过程。它们自然发生在酶和其他辅助因子的影响下。今天,这两种自然反应都参与了生物分子的工业规模生产。因此,了解这些过程并区分两者至关重要。因此,本文着重讨论氧化和发酵之间的差异。
CONTENTS
1。概述和关键差异
2。What is Oxidation
3。什么是发酵
4。氧化与发酵之间的相似之处
5。并排比较 - 氧化与表格形式的发酵
6.Summary
什么是氧化?
Oxidation is an important biological reaction that primarily takes place in aerobic organisms. It involves the absorption of oxygen by a compound to transform itself into a different compound. Oxidases are the main enzymes that catalyze the reaction of oxidation. Oxidation of biological material can be spontaneous or controlled. Moreover, oxidation of materials may lead to positive and negative effects based on the type of material oxidized. It can also happen via a single step reaction using only one enzyme or can be a multi-step reaction involving many enzymes.
Oxidation plays a major role in most metabolic pathways in higher-level organisms. The pathways that undergo oxidation involve氧化磷酸化用于生产ATP和β-氧化用于生产乙酰基的脂肪酸。
此外,氧化是生产高茶的重要过程。氧化没有进行发酵,而是发酵,因为它不会耗尽多酚in the plant. Thus, the conservation of polyphenols in the tea will not harm the quality of the tea. In the production of tea, the enzyme known as polyphenol oxidase is of great importance. When the metabolites known as catechins in tea come in contact with oxygen, the oxidase starts to act, producing polyphenols of higher molecular weight. These polyphenols are thus capable of adding aroma and colour to the black tea. However, in tea production, oxidation takes place under controlled conditions, which differentiate between different tea varieties.
什么是发酵?
发酵是在厌氧条件下发生的过程。因此,它发生在没有分子氧的情况下。许多微生物,植物和人类肌肉细胞能够进行发酵。在发酵过程中,将糖分子转化为醇和酸。化学反应在乳制品,面包产品和酒精饮料的工业生产中具有很大的用途。
在自然背景下,有两种主要类型的发酵类型,两者都需要酶的参与。这两个过程是乳酸发酵和乙醇发酵。In lactic acid fermentation, conversion of the pyruvate sugar moiety into lactic acid takes place under the influence of lactic acid dehydrogenase. Lactic acid fermentation primarily occurs in bacteria and in human muscles. The buildup of lactic acid in human muscles leads to the onset of cramps. Ethanol fermentation takes place primarily in plants and in some microbes. The enzymes acetaldehyde decarboxylase and ethanol dehydrogenase facilitate this process.
What are the Similarities Between Oxidation and Fermentation?
- 氧化和发酵是可以在生活系统中产生能量的生化过程。
- 这两个过程都需要酶的参与。
- 同样,这些过程从有机化合物开始。因此,这两个过程的启动发生在有机化合物的存在下。
- 此外,它们是在生物体中发生的自然过程。但是,目前,它们用于许多工业过程。
氧化和发酵之间有什么区别?
这two terms oxidation and fermentation are clearly two distinct processes that take place in living organisms. However, both processes can generate energy even though the chemical process behind the two terms differs. Oxidation refers to oxidizing of a compound in the presence of enzymes and molecular oxygen while fermentation refers to the transformation of sugars to acids and alcohols in the presence of enzymes and absence of molecular oxygen. So, this is the key difference between oxidation and fermentation.
此外,在反应过程中使用的酶类型也是氧化和发酵之间的差异。氧化酶催化氧化反应,而乳酸脱氢酶,乙醛脱羧酶和乙醇脱氢酶催化发酵。此外,它们在行业中有大量应用。氧化在茶业生产多酚很重要。在有氧生物中,有必要生产能量。另一方面,发酵在许多工业过程中很重要,例如乳制品行业,面包行业和酒精行业,以在锻炼肌肉等方面产生能量。因此,用法会导致氧化和发酵之间的进一步差异。
总结——氧化和发酵
In summarizing the difference between oxidation and fermentation, oxidation is the loosing of electrons from a compound to form another compound in the presence of enzymes and molecular oxygen while fermentation is the process of transforming sugar moieties to acids and alcohols in the absence of oxygen. Both processes play major roles in different industrial processes, even though they are misinterpreted during some instances. Most microbes capable of performing the biochemical reactions of oxidation and fermentation are fundamental in the development of biotechnology-based industrial production processes.
参考:
1. Jurtshuk,Peter和Jr.“细菌代谢。”医学微生物学。第四版。,美国国家医学图书馆,1996年1月1日,在这里可用。
图片提供:
1。“Linoleic acid beta oxidation” By Keministi – Own work (CC0) via下议院维基梅迪亚
2.小戴维·B·卡马克(David B. Carmack Jr.)的“乙醇发酵” - 自己的作品(CC BY-SA 3.0)通过下议院维基梅迪亚
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