Key Difference – Linearvs Circular DNA
脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)is the main form how most organisms store their genetic information. Hence, the structure and functions of DNA are very beneficial. DNA can be mainly found in two forms; the linear form and the circular form. Linear DNA is the form of DNA present in theeukaryoticnucleus并由两个自由端组成。圆形DNA主要在原核生物中发现,而线粒体,叶绿体和质粒还包含圆形DNA。在细胞质of the prokaryotic cell, in mitochondria or in the chloroplast. Thekey differencebetween the linear and circular DNA is the structural conformation of the molecule.Linear DNA attains an open configuration with two free ends, whereas circular DNA attains a closed conformation with no free ends.
内容
1.Overview and Key Difference
2.What is Linear DNA
3.环状DNA是什么
4.Similarities Between Linear and Circular DNA
5。Side by Side Comparison – Linear vs Circular DNA in Tabular Form
6。概括
什么是线性DNA?
线性DNA存在于细胞核内的真核基因组中。线性DNA由两个自由端组成,因此是一个开放的结构。线性DNA可以分离并在agarosegel media, although due to the bulkiness of the DNA, a smear would be observed on the gel. In order to isolate and separate desired fragments of linear DNA, the DNA can be cut using restriction核酸内切酶然后在凝胶运行中观察。
复制线性DNA的过程是一个复杂的过程,因为它涉及许多机制。复制以双向方式进行,形成两个复制叉。线性DNA可能包含复制位点的许多起源,因为线性DNA漫长而复杂。复制程序一直持续到解决终端终止问题时终止,因为线性DNA由线性DNA组成端粒序列。
环状DNA是什么?
Circular DNA is one conformational arrangement of DNA where it attains a closed structure. Circular DNA does not have any distinct ends. Circular DNA is found in almost all prokaryotes with a few exceptions, in the mitochondria and the chloroplast of the eukaryotes and in plasmids. Circular DNA is situated in the cell cytoplasm of the prokaryotes. Circular DNA can exist in different forms including supercoiled forms and nicked circular DNA forms. When circular DNA is isolated and separated by agarose凝胶电泳, different forms of circular DNA can show different migration properties on the gel.
Plasmid DNA also termed as extrachromosomal circular DNA present in some microorganisms have shown to possess great benefit in the fields of molecular biology and genetic engineering. Plasmids are commercially synthesized and are used as vectors in molecular cloning. Some examples of plasmid vectors are pBR322, pUC18.
The replication of circular DNA is greatly varied in comparison to the linear DNA. During the replication process, only one origin of replication is present, and due to its circular nature, replication can take place in a unidirectional manner with the formation of a single replication fork.
What are the Similarities Between Linear and Circular DNA?
- Both linear and circular DNA are composed of Deoxyribose nucleic acids containing adenine,鸟嘌呤,cytosine and thymine核苷酸.
- 线性和圆形DNA均具有双链螺旋结构。
- Both linear and circular DNA determine the genetic characteristics of organisms.
- 线性和圆形DNA都可以使用琼脂糖凝胶电泳方法分离。
- 两种DNA形式都可以使用分子技术(例如聚合酶链反应.
- 线性和圆形DNA均通常用于基于DNA的诊断和基因工程中的应用。
What is the Difference Between Linear and Circular DNA?
线性和圆形DNA |
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Linear DNA is the form of DNA present in the eukaryotic nucleus and is composed of two free ends. | 圆形DNA是具有闭合构象的DNA,并在原核细胞,线粒体或叶绿体的细胞质中发现。 |
Distribution | |
Linear DNA is found in the nucleus of eukaryotes. | 在细胞质中发现圆形DNA。 |
复制 | |
复制of linear DNA has many origins of replication, and it is a complex process. | 复制of circular DNA has a single origin of replication, and it is a simple process. |
摘要 - 线性vs Circular DNA
Linear and circular DNA are the two main forms how DNA is distributed in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells respectively. Linear DNA is found in the nucleus of eukaryotes and is composed of two free ends and complex sequences. Circular DNA is found in prokaryotes and also in mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA that has a closed conformation. Both the forms of DNA are used widely in molecular biological and genetic engineering studies. This is the difference between linear and circular DNA.
Download the PDF of Linear vs Circular DNA
You can download the PDF version of this article and use it for offline purposes as per citation note. Please download the PDF version here:Difference Between Linear and Circular DNA
Reference:
1.“真核DNA复制。”Wikipedia,Wikimedia基金会,2018年1月23日。Available here
2.“Circular bacterial chromosome.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 16 Jan. 2018.Available here
Image Courtesy:
1 .“Chromosome’By Dietzel65(CC BY-SA 3.0)viaCommons Wikimedia
2.’Mitochondrial DNA lg’ByNational Human Genome Research Institute – National Institutes of Health. National Human Genome Research Institute.“遗传术语的词汇表。”2016年11月17日,(公共领域)通过Commons Wikimedia
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