Difference Between Homonuclear and Heteronuclear Diatomic Molecules

Key Difference – Homonuclear vs Heteronuclear Diatomic Molecules

Diatomic分子是由每个分子两个原子组成的物质。这些分子由两个通过两个原子组成共价化学键. The atoms can be bonded viasingle bonds, double bonds或三键。取决于双原子分子中存在的原子类型，有两种类型的双原子分子：同核双原子分子和异核双原子分子。同核和异核双原子分子之间的关键区别在于同核的硅藻ic molecules contain two atoms of the same element whereas heteronuclear diatomic molecules contain two atoms of different elements.

内容

1.Overview and Key Difference
2.What are Homonuclear Diatomic Molecules
3.什么是异核双原子分子
4.Similarities Between Homonuclear and Heteronuclear Diatomic Molecules
5.Side by Side Comparison – Homonuclear vs Heteronuclear Diatomic Molecules in Tabular Form
6。概括

什么是同核双原子分子？

Homonuclear diatomic molecules are substances composed of two atoms of the same chemical element bonded to each other via a covalent bond(s). Therefore, the atoms of a homonuclear diatomic molecule are the same. A homonuclear diatomic molecule is also known as a单核化合物。形成同核双原子分子的化学元素通常是氢，氮，氧和卤素。Noble gases不形成双原子分子。

The two atoms of the homonuclear molecule are same; thus theelectronegativityis also equal. Then the bond electron pairs between the two atoms are equally distributed, and the chemical bond between the two atoms isnonpolar. There can be single bonds, double bonds or triple bonds between the atoms of the homonuclear diatomic molecule.

Examples

• Hydrogen molecule (H₂) contain a single bond between two hydrogen atoms.
• Oxygen molecule (O₂) contains a double bond between two oxygen atoms.
• Nitrogen molecule (N₂) contains a triple bond between two nitrogen atoms

What is Heteronuclear Diatomic Molecules?

Heteronuclear diatomic molecules are substances composed of two atoms of two different chemical elements bonded to each other via a covalent bond(s). Therefore, the atoms of the heteronuclear diatomic molecule are different from each other.

异核双原子分子的两个原子的电负性彼此不同，因为它们属于不同的化学元件（不同的化学元素具有不同的电负性值）。那么这些原子之间的化学键是极性键。这是因为键电子被电负原子（与另一个原子相比更具电负性的原子）吸引。

Examples

• Hydrogen fluoride (HF) has a single bond between the hydrogen atoms and the fluorine
• Nitrogen oxide (NO) has a double bond between the nitrogen atom and the oxygen atom (and there is an unpaired electron on nitrogen atom).
• Carbon monoxide (CO) has a triple bond between carbon and oxygen atoms.

What are the Similarities Between Homonuclear and Heteronuclear Diatomic Molecules?

• 两种类型的分子每个分子只有两个原子。
• Both types of molecules have a linear geometry.
• Both types of molecules contain covalent chemical bonds.

What is the Difference Between Homonuclear and Heteronuclear Diatomic Molecules?

Homonuclear vs Heteronuclear Diatomic Molecules
Homonuclear diatomic molecules are substances composed of two atoms of the same chemical element bonded to each other via covalent bonds.	异核双原子分子是由两个通过共价键相互键合的两个不同化学元素的原子组成的物质。
化学元素
Stable isotopes are very stable and do not undergo radioactive decay.	Heteronuclear diatomic molecules have atoms of different chemical elements.
Chemical Bond
Homonuclear diatomic molecules have nonpolar covalent bonds.	异核双原子分子具有极性共价键。
原子
Homonuclear diatomic molecules have identical atoms.	Heteronuclear diatomic molecules have different atoms.

摘要 - 共核与异核双原子分子

Homonuclear diatomic molecules are composed of identical atoms of the same chemical element, but heteronuclear diatomic molecules have atoms of two different chemical elements. The key difference between homonuclear and heteronuclear diatomic molecules is that homonuclear diatomic molecules contain two atoms of the same element whereas heteronuclear diatomic molecules contain two atoms of different elements.

Reference:

1. Helmenstine, Anne Marie. “What to Know About Diatomic Molecules.” ThoughtCo,Available here.
2. “Homonuclear molecule.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 28 Feb. 2018,Available here.
3. Mott, Vallerie. “Introduction to Chemistry.” Lumen,Available here.

Image Courtesy:

1. “Chlorine-3D-vdW” (Public Domain) viaCommons Wikimedia
2. Benjah-BMM27的“氯单氟-3d-balls” - 通过自己的作品（公共领域）通过Commons Wikimedia