电负性和极性之间的差异| Compare the Difference Between Similar Terms

这关键区别电负性和极性之间电负性是原子吸引电子键入键的趋势，而极性是指电荷的分离。

极性出现由于电子的差异egativity. Therefore, these two terms are closely related terms. However, there is a distinct difference between electronegativity and polarity. One such difference between electronegativity and polarity is that electronegativity describes the attraction forces at the atomic level while the polarity describes the attraction forces at the molecular level.

1。概述和关键差异
2。What is Electronegativity
3。什么是极性
4。并排比较 - 表格形式的电负性与极性
5。Summary

什么是电负性？

电负性是原子吸引电子中粘结中电子的趋势。基本上，这显示了原子向电子的“相似性”。我们可以使用鲍林量表来指示元素的电负性。

在元素周期表中，电负性根据模式变化。从左到右，在一段时间内，电负性增加。从上到下，在一组上，电负性降低。因此，氟是最大的电源元件，其值为4.0。第一组和两个元素具有较小的电负性。因此，它们倾向于通过给出电子形成正离子。由于第5组，6个，7个元素具有较高的电负性值，因此它们喜欢从负离子中和从负离子中获取电子。

Figure 01: Electronegativity of Elements in the Periodic Table

电负性对于确定键的性质也很重要。如果键中的两个原子没有电负性差，则共价键将形成。如果两者之间的电负性差异很高，则ionic bond将形成。

什么是极性？

极性出现由于电子的差异egativity of atoms. When two of the same atom or atoms having the same electronegativity form a bond between them, these atoms pull the电子对in a similar way. Therefore, they tend to share the electrons, and this kind of nonpolar bonds is known as covalent bonds. However, when the two atoms are different, their electronegativities are often different. But the degree of difference may be higher or lower. Therefore, the bonded electron pair is pulled more by one atom compared to the other atom participating in making the bond. Thus, it will result in an unequal distribution of electrons between the two atoms. Moreover, these types of covalent bonds are known as极性键。

由于电子的共享不均匀，一个原子将具有稍微负电荷，而另一个原子将具有略有正电荷。在这种情况下，我们说原子获得了部分负或部分阳性电荷。具有较高电负性的原子获得部分负电荷，并且具有较低电负性的原子将获得部分正电荷。极性是指电荷的分离。这些分子有一个偶极时刻。

Figure 2: Charge Separation in C-F Bond; Fluorine is more Electronegative than Carbon

In a molecule, there can be at least one bond or more. Some bonds are polar while some are non-polar. For a molecule to be polar, all the bonds should collectively produce an uneven charge distribution within the molecule.

极性分子

Furthermore, molecules have different geometries, so the distribution of bonds also determines the polarity of the molecule. For example, hydrogen chloride is a polar molecule with only one bond. Water molecule is a polar molecule with two bonds. The dipole moment in these molecules is permanent because they have arisen due to the electronegativity differences. But, there are other molecules that can be polar only on certain occasions. A molecule with a permanent dipole can induce a dipole in another non-polar molecule, then that will also become temporary polar molecules. Even within a molecule, certain changes may cause a temporary dipole moment.

电负性和极性有什么区别？

Electronegativity is a measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons while polarity is the property of having poles or being polar. So, the key difference between electronegativity and polarity is that the electronegativity is the tendency of an atom to attract the electrons in a bond towards it, whereas polarity is the separation of the charges.

此外，电负性和极性之间的另一个差异是，电负性描述了原子水平的吸引力，而极性描述了分子水平的吸引力。因此，原子核与最外面电子之间的吸引力是原子具有电负性值的原因。因此，它决定了电负性的值。但是，由于原子的电负性值的差异，极性是由键中电荷的分离引起的。

下面的信息图显示了有关电负性和极性之间差异的更多详细信息。