Difference Between Representative and Transition Elements

关键区别 - 代表VS过渡元素

这periodic table of elements is a tabular arrangement of all known chemical elements based on theiratomic numbers.周期表中有行，周期，列或组。元素周期表中有周期性的趋势。周期表中的所有元素都可以分为两组作为代表性元素和过渡元素。这key difference在代表性元素和过渡元素之间是代表性元素是第1组，第2组和13至18组中的化学元素，而过渡元素是第3组到第12组的化学元素，包括灯笼和actinides.

内容

1.Overview and Key Difference
2.What are Representative Elements
3.什么是过渡元素
4.并排比较 - 表格形式的代表性与过渡元素
5.概括

什么是代表性元素？

代表性元素是第1组，第2组和13至18组中的化学元素。代表性元素也称为“ A组元素”或“ S块和P块元素”或“主要组元素”，含义为代表性元素包括以下化学元素组；

• 年代块元素(Alkali metals and alkaline earth metals)

年代块元素have their valence electrons in the outermost s orbitals and are in two types asalkali metals and alkaline earth metalsalong with hydrogen and helium. Alkali metals are group 1 elements (excluding hydrogen) whereas alkali earth metals are group 2 elements. These metals are named as such because they form basic or alkaline compounds. Alkali metals include Lithium, Sodium, Potassium, Rubidium, Caesium, and Francium. Alkaline earth metals include Beryllium, Magnesium, Calcium, Strontium, Barium, and Radium.

• P block elements (nonmetals, halogens, noble gases)

P block elementshave their valence electrons in the outermost p orbitals. Almost all the p block elements are非金属,包括一些metalloid元素（不包括氦，因为它是S块元素）。P块中的各个组都有周期性的趋势。金属素包括硼，硅，锗，砷，锑和滴滴液。Noble gasesare the group 18 elements (that have completedelectron配置）。所有其他都是非金属。

什么是过渡元素?

Transition elements are chemical elements that have unpaired d electrons at least in a stablecationthat is can form. All the transition elements are metals. They have theirvalence electronsin the outermost d orbitals. Therefore, all the chemical elements from group 3 to group 12 are transition metals excluding zinc (because zinc has no unpaired electrons and Zn⁺²也没有未配对的电子。Zn⁺²is the only stable cation of zinc).

几乎所有的过渡金属都有多个稳定氧化态in different compounds. All these compounds are very colorful. And also, the captions containing the same transition elements with different oxidation states can have different colors based on the oxidation state (the color of the cation varies with the oxidation state of the same chemical element). The reason for this color is the presence of unpaired d electrons (it allows the electrons to jump from one orbital to another by absorbing energy. When these electrons come back to the previous orbital, it emits the absorbed energy as visible light).

灯笼和actinidesare also named as “inner transition metals” because their valence electrons are in their f orbitals of the penultimate electron shell. These elements can be seen in the f block of the periodic table.

代表性和过渡元素有什么区别？

代表性与过渡元素
Representative elements are the chemical elements in the group 1, group 2 and in the groups from 13 to 18.	过渡元件是至少在可以形成的稳定阳离子中具有未配合D电子的化学元件。
Members
Representative elements include s block and p block elements.	过渡元素包括D块和F块元素。
Groups
Representative elements are in the group1, group 2, and in groups 13 to 18.	过渡元素在第3至12组中。
颜色
Most of the compounds formed by representative elements are colourless.	All the compounds formed by transition elements are colourful.

概括– RepresentativeVS过渡元素

Representative elements are the main group elements that include alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, nonmetals and noble gases. Transition metals are in the d block and the f block of the periodic table. The difference between representative elements and transition elements is that, representative elements are the chemical elements in the group 1, group 2 and in the groups from 13 to 18 whereas transition elements are chemical elements in group 3 to group 12 including Lanthanides and Actinides.

Reference:

1.“代表性元素的定义。”科学，Available here
2.“过渡金属。”Wikipedia，Wikimedia基金会，2018年2月25日。Available here
3.“Representative And Transition Elements;) – A Haiku Deck by Jade Bailey.” Haiku Deck: Presentation Software and Online Presentation Tools.Available here

Image Courtesy:

1.’可靠的结构’sch0013r，(CC BY-SA 3.0)viaCommons Wikimedia
2.’过渡金属氧化状态2'没有提供机器可读作者。Felix Wan假设（基于版权索赔）。(CC BY-SA 3.0)viaCommons Wikimedia