双键和单键之间的差异| Compare the Difference Between Similar Terms

Thekey differencebetween double bond and single bond is that,in a single bond formation,two atoms shareone electron pair only between whereas, in a double bond formation, two atoms share two electron pairs.

As proposed by the American chemist G.N.Lewis, atoms are stable when they contain eight electrons in their valence shell. Most of the atoms have less than eight electrons in their valence shells (except the noble gases in group 18 of the periodic table); therefore, they are not stable. These atoms tend to react with each other, to become stable. Thus, each atom can achieve anoble gaselectronic configuration. And, this can happen by forming离子键，共价键或者metallic bonds.Among these, covalent bonding is special. Single and double bonds come under this category of bonds.

内容

1.Overview and Key Difference
2.什么是双键
3.什么是单键
4.Side by Side Comparison – Double Bond vs Single Bond in Tabular Form
5.概括

什么是双键？

Double bond forms when two atoms share two pairs of electrons between them to fill the valence orbitals. Double bonds are shorter than the single bonds but stronger than them. Sp²hybridization allows the atoms to form double bonds.

Double bonds can be of two types. Of the two bonds, one is aSigma Bond. It forms via the linear overlapping of two sp²杂交轨道。其次，另一个键（我们将其称为PI键）通过两个P轨道的横向重叠形成。

图01：红色双键

The common example of a molecule with a double bond is ethylene. In ethylene, the double bond is between two carbon atoms. However, other than between similar atoms, this type of bonds can form between different atoms too as in the examples of the carbonyl carbon (C=O), imines (C=N), azo compounds (N=N) etc.

什么是单键?

Single bond forms when two atoms with similar or low electronegativity difference share one pair of electrons. These two atoms can be of same type or different types. For example, when the same type of atoms joins to form molecules like Cl₂, H₂，或p₄，每个原子通过单个共价键与另一个原子结合。

Methane molecule (CH₄) has a single covalent bond between two types of elements (carbon and hydrogen atoms). Further, methane is an example for a molecule having covalent bonds between atoms with very low electronegativity difference.

Figure 02: Structure of the Methane Molecule

我们将单个共价键也称为Sigma键。单个键使分子能够围绕彼此旋转旋转。因此，这种旋转允许分子具有不同的构象结构。另外，这种类型的债券与SP形成³hybridized atoms of a molecule. When two equal sp³hybridized molecules linearly overlap, a single bond forms.

What is the Difference Between Double Bond and Single Bond?

Covalent bonds are mainly of three types; single bonds, double bonds, and triple bonds. The key difference between double bond and single bond is that, in a single bond formation, only one electron pair is shared between two atoms whereas, in a double bond formation, two electron pairs are shared.

Moreover, a vital difference between double bond and single bond is that the single bonding results from overlapping of two sp3 hybridized orbitals while double bonds result from linear overlapping of two sp2 hybridized orbitals and by lateral overlapping of p orbital.

Apart from that, a single bond contains one sigma bond, whereas a double bond contains one sigma bond and one pi bond. Hence, this affects the bond length between atoms. Therefore, leading to another difference between double bond and single bond. That is; the length of a single bond is higher than that of a double bond. Further, the double键解离能相对高于单键解离能。

概括– Double Bond vs Single Bond

Double bonds and single bonds are types of covalent chemical bonds. The key difference between double bond and single bond is that, in a single bond formation, only one electron pair is shared between two atoms whereas, in a double bond formation, two electron pairs are shared.