Difference Between Somatic and Autonomic Nervous System

Thekey difference体细胞与自主神经系统是that the体细胞神经系统regulates voluntary movements while the autonomic nervous system regulates involuntary movements of our body.

神经系统使生物体感受到生命的荣耀，并通过在整个身体中传递信号来控制其运动和其他活动，从而发挥作用。神经系统包括两个主要组成部分。Central Nervous System and the Peripheral Nervous system. Here, the central nervous system is the central processing unit that consists of the brain and the spinal cord. While, the somatic and autonomic nervous systems are the two main components of the peripheral nervous system. Wherein, the basis for the difference between somatic and autonomic nervous systems is their main function.

内容

1.Overview and Key Difference
2.What is Somatic Nervous System
3.什么是自主神经系统
4.躯体和自主神经系统之间的相似之处
5.Side by Side Comparison – Somatic vs Autonomic Nervous System in Tabular Form
6。概括

What is Somatic Nervous System?

体细胞神经系统（儿子），也称为voluntary nervous systemis a part of the peripheral nervous system. The SONS is capable of managing the movements of theskeletal musclesvoluntarily. There areefferent nervespresent in the SONS to stimulate muscle contractions. Therefore, we can control the actions of this nervous system. However, this system cannot control the reflex arcs.

Furthermore, it is important to study the pathway of the nerve signals to understand the SONS’s functions. The nerve signals begin at theupper motor neurons在中央回中心。首先，来自上心回（乙酰胆碱）的初始刺激通过上运动神经元和皮质脊髓束传播。然后，它通过轴突向下进行，最后到达神经肌肉连接处的骨骼肌。在此交界处，发生了从轴突的末端旋钮中释放乙酰胆碱，骨骼肌的烟碱乙酰胆碱受体将刺激中继以收缩整个肌肉。

在上面，乙酰胆碱是一种兴奋性神经递质。它存在于脊椎动物和无脊椎动物中。但是，无脊椎动物有时在其体细胞神经系统中也具有抑制性神经递质。此外，尽管能够非常平稳地通过儿子移动骨骼肌，但反射弧是控制骨骼肌的非自愿神经回路。

什么是自主神经系统?

Autonomic nervous system (ANS), also known as thevisceral or involuntary nervous system,是外周神经系统的一部分，该系统控制着基本的肌肉运动以维持动物的生命。因此，心脏肌肉击败心脏的收缩，消化道大部分地区的肌肉运动，呼吸功能的调节，维持学生的大小和性刺激是ANS控制的一些主要功能。在这里，尽管ANS调节了非自愿行动，但控制呼吸可能会带有某种意识。此外，基于这些功能，ANS具有两个主要子系统。也就是说，它们是传入（感觉）和传出（运动）。同样，儿子的主要组成部分是颅神经和脊柱神经。

此外，兴奋性和抑制性突触的存在调节ANS在动物体内的适当功能。研究了更多细节，交感神经和副交感神经系统are the two main functional modules in the ANS. The sympathetic module is important for ‘fight or flight’ activity, as it promotes very high blood supply to the skeletal muscles, increases heart rate, and inhibits peristalsis and digestion. On the other hand, parasympathetic nervous system promotes the ‘rest and digest’ phenomenon; dilation of blood vessels to the digestive tract is one of the things managed by this subsystem.

What are the Similarities Between Somatic and Autonomic Nervous System?

• 体细胞和自主神经系统是周围神经系统的一部分。
• They are found in the vertebrate nervous system.
• Also, both consist mainly of nerves.
• Furthermore, they are the communication lines between the central nervous system and the body.
• 两者都会从中枢神经系统到其他身体部位进行神经冲动。

躯体和自主神经系统有什么区别？

Peripheral nervous system has two main parts; namely, the somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system. Somatic nervous system controls voluntary movements of skeletal muscles. On the other hand, autonomic nervous system regulates involuntary movements of internal organs. Therefore, this is the key difference between somatic and autonomic nervous system. Moreover, the functions of somatic nervous system are less complex compared to that of the autonomic nervous system. A major difference between somatic and autonomic nervous system is that the somatic nervous system always acts on skeletal muscles but the autonomic nervous system acts on smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, and also on glands.

Moreover, we can also identify a difference between somatic and autonomic nervous system in the area of signal transmission. i.e., the somatic nervous system needs only one efferent neoron to transmit signals, but the autonomic nervous system needs two efferent neorons and ganglia to transmit a signal. The below infographic gives further descriptions on the difference between somatic and autonomic nervous system.

概括– Somatic vs Autonomic Nervous System

体细胞和自主神经系统是脊椎动物周围神经系统的两个主要部分。体细胞和自主神经系统之间的关键区别在于，体细胞神经系统会协调我们体内的自愿运动，而自主神经系统则协调我们身体的非自愿行动。特别是，体细胞神经系统调节骨骼肌的运动，而自主神经系统则控制着我们内部器官的非自愿功能，例如心跳，胃肌运动，肺部运动等。总结，我们可以将体育神经系统定义为一种在自主神经系统时我们可以控制的神经系统是我们无法控制的自动运作的神经系统之一。因此，这是躯体和自主神经系统之间差异的摘要。

Reference:

1.“Nervous System.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 5 Oct. 2018.Available here

Image Courtesy:

1.”Somatic Nervous System Image”By Isa.tomanelli – Own work,(CC BY-SA 4.0)viaCommons Wikimedia
2.“ 1503副交感神经系统的连接”，由OpenStax College - 解剖与生理学，Connexions Web site. Jun 19, 2013.,(CC BY 3.0)viaCommons Wikimedia