关键差异 - DNA聚合酶1 vs 2 vs 3
DNA polymerase is a special clade of enzymes which are involved in基因复制活生物体。由于存在这种酶,遗传信息从一代传递到下一代。在真核生物和原核生物中发现了不同形式的DNA聚合酶。DNA聚合酶1、2和3仅在prokaryotic organisms,,,,and they play different roles in DNA replication. The key difference between DNA polymerase 1 2 and 3 mainly relies on the prime function of eachenzyme。DNA polymerase 3 is the main enzyme which catalyzes the DNA synthesis, while DNA polymerase 1 and 2 are involved in DNA repairing and proofreading.
CONTENTS
1。概述和关键差异
2。什么是DNA聚合酶
3。什么是DNA聚合酶1
4。什么是DNA聚合酶2
5.什么是DNA聚合酶3
6.Side by Side Comparison – DNA Polymerase 1 vs 2 vs 3
7.Summary
什么是DNA聚合酶?
DNA duplication is a must for passing genetic information from parent to offspring. This is facilitated by a special enzyme called DNA polymerase. DNA polymerase can be defined as a ubiquitous enzyme which catalyzes the synthesis of DNA complementary to the existingDNAin living cells. It was first discovered in大肠杆菌1955年,亚瑟·科恩伯格(Arthur Kornberg)由Arthur Kornberg进行。DNA复制和维持主要受细胞中DNA聚合酶的控制。DNA聚合酶的发现有助于许多分子生物学技术。它是合成新的DNA链所需的酶,类似于生物的原始DNAnucleotides在许多分子生物学技术中,包括PCR, gene cloning,,,,gene sequencing,,,,disease diagnosis, gene therapy,多态性分析,等等
DNA聚合酶以与形状和大小不同的多种形式存在。它们属于几个家庭:A,B,C,D,X,Y和RT。将原核DNA聚合酶分为五种不同类别,即DNA聚合酶1,DNA聚合酶2,DNA聚合酶3,DNA聚合酶4和DNA聚合酶5.真核生物具有大约15种不同的DNA聚合酶,分别为15种不同的DNA聚合酶。,δ,ε,η,κ,κ,Rev1,ζ,γ,θ和ν。
When synthesizing new DNA by DNA polymerase, it starts from the 3’ end and directs the synthesis towards the 5’ end by adding nucleotides at a time, complementary to the template DNA. DNA polymerase needs a preexisting 3’ OH group to initiate the chain synthesis and is facilitated by the small DNA or RNA fragment called底漆。DNA polymerase reads the template DNA and moves from 3’ end to 5’ end, making a new 5’-3’ DNA strand.
什么是DNA聚合酶1?
DNA polymerase 1 (pol 1)是在原核生物中发现的一种酶,有助于细菌DNA复制。这是亚瑟·科恩伯格(Arthur Kornberg)在1956年发现的第一种DNA聚合酶。该酶都存在于所有原核生物中。POL 1由基因编码polAand is composed of 928 amino acids. It has a 5’ to 3’ exonuclease activity; thus, it is popular as a DNA repairing enzyme rather than a DNA replicating enzyme. It also has the ability to catalyze multiple polymerizations prior to releasing the template DNA, and connecting Okazaki fragments together by filling new DNA, and removing RNA primers.
pol 1isolated fromE Coli广泛用于分子应用中。但是,一旦发现了TAQ聚合酶,它就取代了PCR技术中的E Coli Pol 1。聚合酶is kind of a thermostable DNA polymerase belonging to Pol 1.
什么是DNA聚合酶2?
DNA polymerase 2 (pol 2) is a prokaryotic enzyme which catalyzes the DNA replication. It belongs to the polymerase B family and is encoded by the genpolB。它最初是从中发现的E Coli托马斯·科恩伯格(Thomas Kornberg)于1970年。POL2是由783个氨基酸组成的球状蛋白。它具有3'至5'的核酸酶活性和5'至3'聚合酶活性。它与DNA聚合酶3酶相互作用,以维持DNA复制的保真度和加工性。POL 2还具有校对新合成的DNA的能力以确保准确性。
什么是DNA聚合酶3?
DNA聚合酶3(Pol 3)是催化原核生物中DNA复制的主要酶。它属于家族C聚合酶,由基因编码polC。它是由托马斯·科恩伯格(Thomas Kornberg)在1970年发现的。POL3是复制叉的一个组成部分,可以每秒添加1000个核苷酸,并在新近聚合的DNA链中增加。
Pol 3 is a holoenzyme composed of ten distinct proteins and has three functional molecules namely α, ε and θ. Three functional molecules of Pol 3 are separately responsible for three actions of the enzyme. The α subunit manages the polymerization of DNA while the ε manages the exonuclease proofreading activity of the pol 3 enzyme. The θ subunit helps the ε subunit for proofreading.
DNA聚合酶1和2和3之间有什么区别?
DNA聚合酶1 vs 2 vs 3 |
|
Polymerase 1 | Polymerase 1 is composed of 928 amino acids. |
Polymerase 2 | 聚合酶2由783个氨基酸组成。 |
Polymerase 3 | 聚合酶3是由十个蛋白组成的全酶,该蛋白排列成三个功能亚基。 |
家庭 | |
Polymerase 1 | 聚合酶1属于聚合酶家族。 |
Polymerase 2 | Polymerase 2 belongs to polymerase family B. |
Polymerase 3 | Polymerase 3 belongs to polymerase family C. |
主要功能 | |
Polymerase 1 | 这是responsible for DNA repair and removing RNA primers. |
Polymerase 2 | 这是负责新形成的DNA的校对,忠诚度和摄影 |
Polymerase 3 | 这是responsible for DNA polymerization |
Summary – DNA Polymerase 1 vs 2 vs 3
DNA聚合酶是在所有生物体中发现的重要酶类。DNA聚合酶的主要功能是DNA复制。它能够组装核苷酸并合成现有DNA的新互补DNA。该酶以不同形式存在的形式与形状和大小不同。DNA聚合酶1、2和3是参与DNA复制的核DNA聚合酶。POL 1催化DNA损伤的修复。POL 2催化DNA复制的保真度和加工性。POL 3催化5'至3'DNA聚合。
参考:
1。Lehman, I. R. “Discovery of DNA Polymerase.” Journal of Biological Chemistry. N.p., 12 Sept. 2003. Web. 06 Mar. 2017
2.Gardner,Andrew F.和Zvi Kelman。“生物技术中的DNA聚合酶。”边境。边境,2014年11月13日。2017年3月6日
3。Garcia-Diaz, Miguel, and Katarzyna Bebenek. “Multiple functions of DNA polymerases.” Critical reviews in plant sciences. U.S. National Library of Medicine, Mar. 2007. Web. 06 Mar. 2017
图片提供:
1。“DNA polymerase”Di Yikrazuul – Opera propria(CC BY-SA 3.0)通过下议院维基梅迪亚
2.(未知)“本月分子”,2000年3月 - 蛋白质数据库(公共领域)通过下议院维基梅迪亚
3. Sbandeka的“ POL2结构(基于35公里)” - 自己的作品(CC BY-SA 4.0)通过下议院维基梅迪亚
4。“DNA polymerase III (with subunits)” By Alepopoli – Own work(CC BY-SA 3.0)通过下议院维基梅迪亚
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