Difference Between Nucleotide and Nucleoside

Thekey differencebetween nucleotide and nucleoside is that thenucleotide contains a磷酸盐虽然核苷缺乏磷酸基。

Nucleosides and nucleotides are a similar type of molecules that differ by a slight structural change. Both nucleotide and nucleoside are composed of same two components; a五糖糖and a nitrogenous base. Additionally, nucleotide has one or more phosphate group. Hence, by adding a phosphate group, a nucleoside can be converted into a nucleotide by the enzymes calledkinase. Nucleotide is the building block ofnucleic acids. On the other hand, nucleosides are good anticancer and antiviral substances.

内容

1.Overview and Key Difference
2.What is a Nucleotide
3.What is a Nucleoside
4.核苷酸和核苷之间的相似性
5.Side by Side Comparison – Nucleotide vs Nucleoside in Tabular Form
6.概括

What is a Nucleotide?

Nucleotide is the building block of two crucial macromolecules (nucleic acids) in living organisms called DNA and RNA. They are the genetic material of an organism and are responsible for passing genetic characteristics from one generation to the next generation. Furthermore, they are important in controlling and maintaining cellular functions. Other than these two macromolecules, there are several other important nucleotides. For example, ATP (Adenosine tri phosphate) and GTP are two important energy molecules. NADP (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) and FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide) are nucleotides which act as cofactors. Nucleotides like CAM (cyclic adenosine monophosphate) are essential for cell signalling pathways.

Structure

A nucleotide has three components namely a pentose sugar molecule, a nitrogenous base and phosphate group/s. Nucleotides differ from each other based on the type of pentose sugar molecule, a nitrogenous base and the number of phosphate groups. For example, deoxyribonucleotide has a deoxyribose sugar while ribonucleotide has a ribose sugar. There are mainly two groups of nitrogenous bases such as purines and pyrimidines.

从结构上讲，嘧啶是较小的杂环，芳香族，六元环，含有1和3位的氮原子。胞嘧啶，胸腺嘧啶和尿嘧啶是嘧啶碱。另一方面，嘌呤碱比嘧啶大得多。除了杂环芳香环外，它们具有与之融合的咪唑环。腺嘌呤和鸟嘌呤是两个嘌呤碱。当构建DNA和RNA分子时，互补碱在它们之间形成氢键。那是腺嘌呤：硫胺素/尿嘧啶和鸟嘌呤：胞嘧啶是彼此互补的。磷酸基团与糖分子的5个碳的–OH组连接。

In the nucleotides of DNA and RNA, normally there is a one phosphate group. However, in ATP, there are three phosphate groups. The linkages between phosphate groups are high energy bonds. Primarily, there are eight basic types of nucleotides in DNA and RNA. And other nucleotides can be derivatives of these eight types. Nucleotides can be linked with each other to form a polymer such as DNA and RNA. This linkage occurs between the phosphate group of one nucleotide with a hydroxyl group of the sugar molecule of the second nucleotide. It is the phosphodiester bond that joins nucleotides and forms DNA and RNA.

什么是核苷？

核苷是附着在糖分子上的核苷酶通常是五糖糖。核糖或脱氧核糖。这种联系是指β-糖苷键。核苷的重要特征是，如果核苷与磷酸基团连接，最终它成为核苷酸或核苷单磷酸盐，这是核酸的基本单位。

This reaction catalyzes by the enzymes called kinases. Hence, if a nucleic acid digests with a nucleotidase enzyme, nucleosides can be formed. Nucleosides are good anticancer agents, and also they have antiviral properties as well. Examples of nucleosides include cytidine, uridine, adenosine, guanosine, thymidine and inosine.

核苷酸和核苷之间的相似之处是什么？

• Both nucleotide and nucleoside have a pentose sugar and a nitrogenous base.
• When a phosphate group links with a nucleoside, eventually it becomes a nucleotide.

核苷酸和诊断之间的区别是什么eoside?

核苷酸和核苷之间的关键区别在于，核苷酸具有磷酸基团，而核苷缺乏核苷酸。糖分子和氮基等其他部分都是核苷酸和核苷的共同点。通常，在活细胞中，核苷酸是功能单位，而不是核苷。这是因为核苷酸是核酸的组成部分，某些核苷酸作为细胞的能量货币。然而，核苷在医学中也很重要，因为它们具有抗癌和抗病毒特性。因此，核苷酸和核苷之间也存在差异。

概括– Nucleotide vs Nucleoside

核苷酸和核苷是重要的分子。核苷酸和核苷之间的关键差异是存在和不存在磷酸基团/s。核苷酸具有三个成分，即戊糖糖，一个氮基和一个磷酸基团，而核苷具有两个成分，有两个成分，即戊糖糖和一个硝基碱。它缺乏磷酸盐。此外，核苷是良好的抗癌和抗病毒物质，而核苷酸是DNA和RNA的构建块，有些是能量分子。但是，故障核苷酸也会引起致命的癌症。

Reference:

1.“Nucleoside.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 18 Aug. 2018.Available here

Image Courtesy:

1.”Nucleotide nucleoside general vi”By Yikrazuul, Translator: Phan Thành Đăng – Own work,(CC BY-SA 4.0)viaCommons Wikimedia
2. DMACKS（谈话）的“芳香霉素” - 自己的作品，（公共领域）通过Commons Wikimedia