细胞色素和植物色素之间的差异

Thekey differencebetween cytochrome and phytochrome is thatcytochrome is an electron transfer heme protein involved inaerobic respiration.Meanwhile, phytochrome is a photoreceptor protein that is sensitive to red and far-red light of the visible spectrum.

Living organisms have different types of pigments. Some are light-absorbing pigments while some are respiratory pigments. Cytochrome is a metalloprotein that works as an electron carrier in aerobic respiration. Meanwhile, phytochrome is a photoreceptor which absorbs red and far-red light from the visible spectrum. Compared to cytochrome, phytochromes are important in many aspects of plant development.

内容

1.Overview and Key Difference
2.What is Cytochrome
3.What is Phytochrome
4.Similarities Between Cytochrome and Phytochrome
5.Side by Side Comparison – Cytochrome vs. Phytochrome in Tabular Form
6.概括

What is Cytochrome?

细胞色素是一种蛋白质复合物，充当电子传输链中的电子载体。它们与内部膜松散地相关线粒体. They are small heme proteins. Cytochromes serve as extreme important electron carriers since they facilitate the handover of electrons to a final electron acceptor (O₂) in order to complete aerobic respiration.

There are three main cytochromes as cytochrome reductase, cytochrome c, and cytochrome oxidase. Cytochrome reductase receives electrons from ubiquinone and transfers to cytochrome c. Cytochrome c transfers an electron to cytochrome oxidase. Cytochrome oxidase passes electrons to O₂(the final electron acceptor). When electrons travel through electron carriers, a proton gradient will be created, and it will help the ATP production.

What is Phytochrome?

植物色素是一种在植物，真菌和细菌中发现的感光器。它是由斯特林·亨德里克斯（Sterling Hendricks）和哈里·博特威克（Harry Borthwick）发现的。植物色素可以检测可见光谱的红色和远红区域的光。因此，植物色素系统在植物中充当红色光敏系统。在白天，通过吸收红色光波长，植物色素r变成植物色素fr。在夜间，通过吸收远红色的光，植物色素fer成为光色素r。因此，PR是一种不太活跃的碱性形式，而PFR是植物色素的过度活跃形式。此外，植物色素充当温度传感器。结构上的植物色素是一种蛋白质分子（两个相同的124 kDa多肽的二聚体），该蛋白质与发色团，该蛋白质团共价键与蛋白质。

植物色素对于植物发育的多个方面很重要，包括种子发芽，茎伸长，叶片膨胀，某些颜料的形成，叶绿体发育和开花。此外，植物色素会影响根生长。有五个植物色素。

What are the Similarities Between Cytochrome and Phytochrome?

• 细胞色素和植物色素都是蛋白质。
• Cytochrome is a respiratory pigment, while phytochrome is a photopigment.

What is the Difference Between Cytochrome and Phytochrome?

Cytochrome is a heme protein involved in the electron transport chain as an electron carrier. Meanwhile, photochrom is a photoreceptor found in plants, bacteria, and fungi, which absorbs red and far-red light from the visible light. So, this is the key difference between cytochrome and phytochrome.

Moreover, cytochromes are present in animals, while phytochromes are absent in animals. Therefore, this is also a difference between cytochrome and phytochrome.

概括– Cytochrome vs. Phytochrome

Cytochrome is a heme protein needed for aerobic respiration. It works as an electron transfer protein. In contrast, phytochrome is a photoreceptor protein that is important for many aspects of plant development, especially photomorphogenic aspects. Phytochromes are found in plants, bacteria and fungi while cytochromes are found in plants and animals. Thus, this summarizes the difference between cytochrome and phytochrome.

Reference:

1. Li, Jigang, et al. “Phytochrome Signaling Mechanisms.” The Arabidopsis Book, American Society of Plant Biologists, 2011,Available here.
2.“细胞色素。”2018年12月4日Available here.

Image Courtesy:

1.克劳斯·霍夫迈尔（Klaus Hoffmeier）的“细胞色素c” - 通过Commons Wikimedia
2.“3 g6o。pdb”Jmol开发团队- Jmol (GPL) viaCommons Wikimedia