What is the Difference Between Synonymous and Nonsynonymous Mutation

Thekey differencebetween synonymous and nonsynonymous mutationis that synonymous mutation is an evolutionaryneutral mutationthat does not change the amino acid sequence of the protein, while nonsynonymous mutation is an evolutionarily important mutation that changes the amino acid sequence of the protein and undergoes natural selection.

A mutation is a change in the nucleotide sequence of a gene or a genome of an organism. Mutations make changes in the genetic information carried by the genes. This causes changes in the structure of proteins encoded by genes. There are different types of mutations, includingpoint mutation, frame-shift mutation,无义突变和误义突变. Mutations are the major sources of natural selection and adaptation. Some mutations do not change the expression of the gene and the protein product. They are known as synonymous mutations. Synonymous mutations are evolutionary neutral. Other mutations change the gene and make changes in the resultant protein product. These mutations are known as nonsynonymous mutations. Nonsynonymous mutations undergo natural selection, and they are evolutionary important.

内容

1.Overview and Key Difference
2.什么是同义突变
3.什么是非同义突变
4.Similarities – Synonymous and Nonsynonymous Mutation
5.Synonymous vs Nonsynonymous Mutation in Tabular Form
6。Summary – Synonymous vs Nonsynonymous Mutation

什么是同义突变?

A synonymous mutation is a kind ofsilent mutationthat does not change the amino acid sequence of the protein product. Therefore, synonymous mutations do not change the protein. These mutations are evolutionary neutral, unlike nonsynonymous mutations.

The majority of synonymous mutations are point mutations. Though a single base pair is different in the mutated codon, it gives the same amino acid as the original codon gives. Therefore, the amino acids sequence does not change. When the amino acid sequence is not changed, the protein remains unchanged.

什么是非同义突变?

A nonsynonymous mutation is an alteration of the nucleotide sequence of a gene that changes the amino acid sequence of the protein. Such mutations change the structure and the function of the protein. Hence, these mutations affect individuals, unlike synonymous mutations. Furthermore, nonsynonymous mutations frequently undergo natural selection. Therefore, they are evolutionary important.

非同义突变有几种类型。错义突变和胡说八道突变是两种类型。在非同义突变中，经常发生插入或删除。结果，整个阅读框架变化，密码子变好。这会导致所得氨基酸序列的变化。如果插入或缺失发生在核苷酸序列的开头，则将更改整个氨基酸序列，从而产生完全不同的蛋白质。一些非同义突变带来了积极的变化，这些变化是有利的，并从自然选择中选择。此外，非同义突变增加了基因库的多样性。

What are the Similarities Between Synonymous and Nonsynonymous Mutation?

• Synonymous and nosynonymous mutations are two types of mutations that change the nucleotide sequence.
• Point mutations occur in both types.

What is the Difference Between Synonymous and Nonsynonymous Mutation?

同义突变不会改变氨基酸序列，而非同义突变会改变氨基酸序列。因此，这是同义词和非同义突变之间的关键区别。此外，同义突变在功能上是沉默的，进化中性的，而非同义突变是进化重要的。此外，非同义突变是导致基因库多样性增加的原因，而同义突变则不是。

The below infographic presents the difference between synonymous and nonsynonymous mutation in tabular form for side by side comparison.

Summary – Synonymous vs Nonsynonymous Mutation

Synonymous mutations do not change the amino acid sequence of the protein. They are silent mutations that are evolutionary neutral. Nonsynonymous mutation changes the amino acid sequence of the protein. These types of mutations are frequently subject to natural selection as well since they bring a biological change in the organism. Thus, this is the summary of the difference between synonymous and nonsynonymous mutation.

Reference:

1.“”非单词替代.” An Overview | ScienceDirect Topics.

Image Courtesy:

1.“”DNA mutation” Ultrabem - 通过Commons Wikimedia自己的工作（CC0）
2. “移码突变” By Sumukal – Own work(CC BY-SA 3.0)via Commons Wikimedia