背突变和抑制突变之间的差异

Thekeydifferencebetween back mutation and suppressor mutation is thatthe back mutation reverses the mutant基因型into the original,普通的wild type while the suppressor mutation suppresses the primarymutation通过产生由初级突变抑制的功能蛋白产物。

突变是DNA分子中核苷酸序列的改变genomeof a particular organism. Hence, mutations occur due to errors take place during the有丝分裂和减数分裂and also due to various factors such as radiation, chemicals, etc. The most common type of mutations is the forward mutations. It is kind of a primary mutation. Forward mutation changes the wild-type normal genotype to a mutant genotype. Accordingly, depending on the type of mutation, its effect varies. However, some mutations can correct the effects of primary mutations. Back mutation and suppressor mutation are two such types of mutation. They involve in reversing the effects of the primary mutation.

内容

1.Overview and Key Difference
2.什么是背突变
3.What is Suppressor Mutation
4.背部突变和抑制突变之间的相似性
5.Side by Side Comparison – Back Mutation vs Suppressor Mutation in Tabular Form
6。概括

什么是背突变?

A back mutation or reverse mutation is a condition where the mutant genotype changes to the original wild type. Consequently, this process completely reverses the normal forward mutation. This type of mutations could be clearly observed in auxotrophic microorganisms where they revert to phototrophs. This is very clear when the cells of original auxotrophic strains are plated in minimal media and observed. This ability of mutated genes to reverse to its original wild type, suggests the fact that, in some cases of mutations, it is not a permanent process, but reversible.

Furthermore, back mutations occur under different pathways. In a true back mutation, restoration of the original base pair sequence takes place. Therefore, if a GC pair of the original wild-type genome sequence is replaced by an AT pair in the process of a forward mutation, a true back mutation could again substitute a GC pair at the same position.

Nevertheless, in some forward mutations, a different base pair is inserted at the site of the altered pair. If when AT replaces GC, the back mutation may occur with the substitution of CG instead of GC. Such a phenomenon will result in a reverse phenotype although the sequence is different from the original wild-type sequence in a single base pair.

What is Suppressor Mutation?

抑制剂突变是第二突变的一种类型，它恢复了由原代突变丢失的函数。抑制突变有两种类型；它们是基因内抑制突变和基因间抑制突变。此外，在不同的途径下出现抑制突变。基因内抑制突变（第二个突变）发生在第一个突变但在不同位点的基因中。另一方面，基因间抑制突变发生在不包含第一个突变的不同基因中。

但是，在基因内和基因间抑制突变期间，发生了共同的效果。也就是说，两种类型的第二突变（基因内和基因间）合成了被第一突变中断的基因的功能产物。例如，如果基因X中的主要突变抑制了蛋白质X的产生，则在同一基因或不同基因内发生的抑制突变将导致产生蛋白质X。因此，此过程逆转了基因X的作用。间接突变。

What are the Similarities Between Back Mutation and Suppressor Mutation?

• Back mutation and suppressor mutation are types of secondary mutations.
• Both affect the primary mutation directly.
• 同样，这两种功能都可以扭转主要突变的作用。

What is the Difference Between Back Mutation and Suppressor Mutation?

Back mutation and suppressor mutation are two types of mutations that reverse the effect of the primary mutations. Back mutation changes the mutant phenotype back into the wild-type phenotype. Suppressor mutation corrects the effect of primary mutation by producing the product of the mutated gene. Therefore, this is the key difference between back mutation and suppressor mutation.

Furthermore, back mutation corrects the mutated gene while suppressor mutation does not correct the gene. Instead, it produces the protein product that was blocked due to the primary mutation. Thus, this is another difference between back mutation and suppressor mutation.

以下信息提供更多的细节difference between back mutation and suppressor mutation.

摘要 - 背突变与抑制突变

正向突变将野生型正常基因型变成突变类型。背部突变和抑制突变都直接或间接地反转了原发突变的作用。背部突变或反向突变是突变基因型变为原始野生型的条件。另一方面，抑制突变是第二突变的一种类型，可以恢复主突变丢失的函数。在抑制突变中，主要突变占占主导地位，但间接抑制了它，掩盖了主要突变的表型效应。因此，这是背突变和抑制突变之间的差异。

参考 ：

1.“Biology Notes on Reverse Mutations | Genetics.” Biology Discussion, 12 Dec. 2016.Available here
2.“Back Mutation.” The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th Ed, Encyclopedia.com, 2018.Available here
3.“Suppressor Mutation.” The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th Ed, Encyclopedia.com, 2018.Available here

Image Courtesy:

1.”Benzopyrene DNA adduct 1JDG”By Zephyris,(CC BY-SA 3.0)viaCommons Wikimedia