错义和胡说八道突变之间的差异|比较类似术语之间的差异

Key Difference – Missense vs Nonsense Mutation

DNA由于内部和环境起源在内的各种因素，不断发生变化。DNA损坏和突变是太瓦o such changes that occur in DNA. Mutation is defined as a base change in the DNA sequence. Mutations cannot be recognized and repaired by酶。突变的基因导致不同amino acidsequences which produce wrong protein products. Mutations are caused by insertion ofnucleotides，核苷酸的缺失，核苷酸的反转，核苷酸的重复和DNA中核苷酸的重排。突变起源于基因复制or due to different environmental factors such as UV light, cigarette smokes, radiation, etc. There are different types of mutations such as点突变，移码突变，，，，missense mutation, silent mutations and nonsense mutations. Missense mutation is a point mutation which results in the substitution of a different amino acid in the amino acid sequence due to the change of a single nucleotide in the mRNA sequence. Nonsense mutation is a point mutation which results in a truncated, incomplete, nonfunctional protein product due to the introduction of a premature stopcodonin the transcribedmRNAsequence. The key difference between missense and nonsense mutation is thatmissense mutation substitutes a different amino acid in the amino acid sequence while nonsense mutation introduces a stop codon to the mRNA sequence.

1。概述和关键差异
2。What is a Missense Mutation
3。What is a Nonsense Mutation
4。错义和胡说八道突变之间的相似之处
5。Side by Side Comparison – Missense vs Nonsense Mutation in Tabular Form
6.Summary

什么是错义突变？

Missense mutation is a point mutation where a single nucleotide is changed to cause a substitution of a different amino acid. In missense mutation, stop codon is not generated to terminate amino acid sequence synthesis similar to nonsense mutation.

Figure 01: Missense Mutation

当一个核苷酸在DNA序列中发生变化时，它会改变基因的遗传密码。转录时，所得的mRNA将具有不同的密码子（核苷酸增加了两倍，从而导致氨基酸）。变化的密码子导致不同的氨基酸。由于突变取代了不同的氨基酸，所得的氨基酸序列将与独特的氨基酸序列不同。

What is a Nonsense Mutation?

终止密码子是mRNA序列中的核苷酸三重态，它标志着翻译成蛋白质的终止。在标准的遗传密码中，有三个不同的停止密码子。他们是RNA中的UAG（“ Amber”），UAA（“ Ocher”）和UGA（“ Opal”）。在DNA中，这三个终止密码子以TAG（“琥珀”），TAA（“ Ocher”）和TGA（“ Opal”）的形式出现。这些停止密码子正确位于基因遗传密码的末尾。因此，它会产生完整的蛋白质，而不会引入任何中断。突变可以将过早的停止密码子引入mRNA序列。废话突变是一个点突变，它将过早的停止密码子引入mRNA序列。单个核苷酸变化导致引入终止密码子。当停止密码子不必要地引入mRNA序列时，它终止了翻译，而无需完成整个翻译。 Hence, the resultant protein becomes abnormally shortened. Each protein has a unique amino acid sequence. Nucleotide changes in the DNA sequence of the gene result in different proteins which are nonfunctional or incomplete.

Key Difference - Missense vs Nonsense Mutation

Figure 01: Missense Mutation

Nonsense mutations can cause a genetic disease by damaging a gene responsible for a specific protein.Thalassemia，Duchenne肌肉营养不良，cystic fibrosis，和跨虫综合征是由胡说八道引起的几种遗传疾病。

错过和胡说八道突变之间有什么相似之处？

错义和无义的突变是由于单个核苷酸变化引起的点突变。
Both mutations result in different proteins.

错过和胡说八道突变有什么区别？

错义与胡说八道突变
错义突变是一个点突变，导致由于核苷酸变化而导致不同氨基酸取代氨基酸序列。	废话突变是一个点突变，它由于核苷酸变化而导致过早的停止密码子引入mRNA序列。
Introduction of Stop Codon
Missense mutation does not introduce a stop codon.	Nonsense mutation introduces a stop codon.
完成品
Missense mutation results in a different amino acid sequence.	废话突变导致较短且未完成的蛋白质产物。
取代不同的氨基酸
Missense mutation substitutes a different amino acid.	废话突变不能代替不同的氨基酸。