这关键区别在转录和翻译之间转录是指生产的过程mRNAmolecule for the DNA of a基因翻译是指合成的过程amino acid来自转录的mRNA分子的序列。
基因是遗传的单位。简单地是DNA的碎片。它们包含遗传信息(遗传密码)以生产蛋白质。为了产生蛋白质,它们会经历基因表达。因此,基因表达是从隐藏在基因中的遗传信息中合成蛋白质分子(基因产物)的过程。基因表达通过两个主要步骤,例如转录和翻译。转录是第一步,其次是翻译,这是基因表达的第二个主要步骤。
CONTENTS
1。概述和关键差异
2。什么是转录
3。什么是翻译
4。Similarities Between Transcription and Translation
5。并排比较 - 转录与表格的翻译
6.Summary
什么是转录?
转录是基因表达的第一步。这是从DNA模板中产生mRNA分子的过程。转录发生在真核生物的核内。这是一种酶催化的反应。RNA聚合酶是催化此过程的酶。在一个基因中的两条DNA链中,一个是编码序列,而另一个是非编码序列。
非编码序列是转录中的模板,因为它与编码序列互补。RNA聚合酶酶读取编码序列的核苷酸,并添加正确的互补核糖核苷酸,并构建MRNA分子,其中包含编码序列的遗传密码。因此,所得的mRNA序列与编码序列相同。然而,由于它是RNA序列,RNA聚合酶在转录过程中添加尿嘧啶而不是胸腺素。
In prokaryotes, only a single type of RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription. But in eukaryotes, three types ofRNA polymerases (I, II and II)执行转录。此外,当RNA聚合酶符合终结序序列时,启动子序列对于启动转录和转录终止至关重要。
什么是翻译?
翻译是基因表达的第二步。此外,这是将mRNA分子转化为蛋白质的氨基酸序列的过程。它发生在细胞细胞器中,称为核糖体中存在于细胞的细胞质中。mRNA分子中的隐藏遗传信息是由基因编码的蛋白质的氨基酸序列的顺序。从结构上讲,三个核苷酸共同构成密码子。
One codon specifies a specific amino acid out from the total of 20 amino acids. Accordingly, the specified amino acid sequence is synthesized from the mRNA molecule during the translation process. Moreover, translation occurs via three phases namely initiation, elongation and termination. At the end of the termination phase, ribosome releases the peptide chain of the protein.
转录和翻译之间有什么相似之处?
- Transcription and Translation are major steps of gene expression.
- mRNA涉及这两个过程。
- 同样,两者对于蛋白质合成也是必不可少的。
- 此外,这两个过程都有三个主要阶段。
- 此外,两个过程都需要一个模板才能启动。
What is the Difference Between Transcription and Translation?
转录和翻译是基因表达的两个不同步骤。我们可以根据几个因素(例如模板,原材料,位置,产品,涉及的酶等)确定转录和翻译之间的差异。主要是转录是从基因的DNA模板中产生mRNA分子的过程。另一方面,翻译是从mRNA分子中产生蛋白质的氨基酸序列的过程。因此,这是转录和翻译之间的关键区别。
Furthermore, based on the raw material, the difference between transcription and translation is that transcription requires four types of ribonucleotides as its raw materials while translation requires 20 different amino acids as its raw materials. Similarly, transcription occurs in the nucleus while translation occurs in the ribosomes. Hence, this is the difference between transcription and translation in relation to the location of occurence. More differences between transcription and translation are shown in the below infographic.
摘要 - 转录与翻译
Transcription and translation are two main steps of the gene expression process. Transcription is followed by the translation. In other words, translation uses the product of transcription. Therefore, unless both these steps are completed, the gene expression process remains incomplete. During the transcription, the information in the coding sequence transfers into a mRNA molecule while during the translation, codons in the mRNA molecule convert into an amino acid sequence of a protein. This is the major difference between transcription and translation. Furthermore, transcription occurs inside the nucleus of eukaryotes while transcription occurs in the cytoplasm associated with ribosomes.
参考:
1. Nature News,Nature Publishing Group。在这里可用
2。Nature News, Nature Publishing Group.在这里可用
图片提供:
1. forluvoft撰写的简单转录伸长1” - 自己的作品,(公共领域)通过下议院维基梅迪亚
2. Kelvinsong的“蛋白质合成” - 自己的工作,(CC由3.0)通过下议院维基梅迪亚
Leave a Reply