化学疗法和靶向治疗之间的差异

关键区别 - 化学疗法vs Targeted Therapy

Cancer is considered as one of the most prevalent disease conditions in the world. It belongs to a collection of related diseases that arise due to uncontrolled cell proliferation. Cancer can be of different types;乳腺癌,lung cancer,colorectal cancer,白血病. Cancer is caused due to mutational defects of three genes;原始基因，肿瘤抑制基因和脱氧核糖核酸repair genes. Cancer therapy is currently a popular topic of research. Chemotherapy and Targeted therapy are two important types of cancer treatments. Targeted therapy is a specific treatment process which uses a drug that can block the synthesis, growth, and spread of specific biomolecules which are involved in the development of cancer. Chemotherapy is probably the oldest type of cancer therapy which uses cytotoxic drugs and chemicals which are capable of destroying cells; both恶性和非理性类型。因此，它是非特异性的。这key differencebetween chemotherapy and targeted therapy is the specificity of the treatment.Chemotherapy is non-specific and participates in the destruction of all cell types, whereas Targeted therapy targets specific molecules in order to inhibit the development ofcancer cells.

内容

1.概述和关键差异
2.What is Chemotherapy
3.什么是目标疗法
4。Similarities Between Chemotherapy and Targeted Therapy
5。Side by Side Comparison – Chemotherapy vs Targeted Therapy in in Tabular Form
6。概括

什么是化学疗法？

化学疗法是全世界最常见的癌症治疗类型，用于治疗所有类型的癌症。这是一种系统性的治疗方法。但是，与其他方法相比，其特异性很低。化学疗法使用具有破坏特定类型细胞的能力的细胞毒性药物和化学药品。肺部细胞，肝细胞，血细胞。但是它不能区分恶性和非恶性细胞类型。因此，化学疗法会导致健康细胞和恶性细胞的破坏。化学疗法是静脉注射的，并且在密封包装中可商购，并带有必要的警告信号。

化学治疗药物具有不同的机制，使它们损坏细胞。一些机制是：

• 阻断产生细胞的基因的转录。
• 降低癌细胞增殖的速度。
• Targeting the destruction of the cell membrane.
• 抑制细胞的营养摄取过程。

Chemotherapy can be administered as a single drug or as a multi drug treatment using many different drugs targeting different cell types. The type of chemotherapy depends upon the state of cancer, type of cancer and the status of the patient. Chemotherapy has side effects in comparison to other therapeutic procedures. It is because of the destruction of the healthy cells. Some of the side effects are,

• 脱发
• 皮肤pigmentation
• 呼吸系统的问题
• 口腔中的溃疡，沿肠道或呼吸道
• Pains and inflammation.

什么是目标疗法？

靶向治疗是针对癌症的一种特定类型的治疗，该治疗靶向刺激癌细胞增殖的特定分子。靶向治疗药物主要是细胞抑制剂。他们停止了癌细胞的发展。因此，它们不是特别的细胞毒性。在全球范围内已批准了不同的靶向疗法作为癌症疗法。他们包括;激素疗法，信号转导抑制剂，基因表达调节剂，凋亡inducers, angiogenesis inhibitors, immunotherapies, and毒素递送分子。

有针对性的疗法最常使用单克隆抗体as the mediator of treatment. They are administered via vaccinations. They bind to specific抗原on the specific molecular targets. This binding results in the inactivation of the particular molecular target which in turn inhibits the cancer cell development.

Targeted therapy is an emerging field of therapy which incorporates personalized medicine techniques. Thus, it is a costly technique but is considered to have a low number of side effects in comparison with the other cancer treatment methods. The reduction of side effects is due to the specificity of the treatment procedure. Healthy cells are not damaged by the targeted therapy.

化学疗法和靶向治疗之间有什么相似之处？

• 两者都是用于治疗癌症的全身治疗方法。
• Both therapies are administered intravenously.
• Both therapies can be administered as a single drug or a group of drugs.

What is the Difference Between Chemotherapy and Targeted Therapy?

Chemotherapy vs Targeted Therapy
化学疗法是一种使用细胞毒性药物破坏包括癌细胞的细胞的治疗方法。	Targeted therapy is a treatment method where drugs which target specific molecules are used in order to inhibit cancer development.
特异性
Chemotherapy is non – specific or less specific.	靶向治疗是非常具体的。
Mechanism
化学疗法药物是细胞毒性 - 破坏性细胞。	靶向治疗药物是细胞抑制 - 抑制癌细胞的增殖。
药物的效应子
Cell / cell surface receptors are the effectors of the chemotherapy drugs.	Molecular targets are the effectors of the targeted therapy drugs.
类型
单细胞毒性药物给药和多重细胞毒性药物给药是化学疗法的类型。	根据抑制类型，靶向治疗可能具有不同类型的治疗机制。
Side Effects
化学疗法有许多副作用，因为它也会破坏健康细胞。	靶向疗法的副作用较少。

概括– Chemotherapyvs Targeted Therapy

Cancer therapy is one of the most popular treatment techniques in the world due to the high prevalence of cancer worldwide. Targeted therapy and chemotherapy are two chemical treatment methods used in cancer treatment. They differ in their specificity. The difference between these two treatments is that Targeted therapy is highly specific whereas chemotherapy is not. In most cases both these treatment methods are administered according to a defined treatment plan to combat cancer. Much research is ongoing to develop more specific drugs with fewer side effects.

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Reference:

1.“Targeted Cancer Therapies.” National Cancer Institute.Available here
2.Van，RG等。“将免疫疗法与化疗相结合以治疗癌症。”Discovery Medicine。，美国国家医学图书馆，2005年6月。Available here

Image Courtesy:

1.’Young girl receiving chemotherapy’ By Bill Branson- This image was released by the National Cancer Institute, an agency part of the National Institutes of Health (Public Domain) via下议院维基梅迪亚
2.’Mechanism imatinib’ By Sodium at en.wikipedia.（CC BY-SA 3.0）via下议院维基梅迪亚