之间的区别Toxin and Toxoid

Key Difference – Toxin vs Toxoid

A toxin is a substance that is poisonous. Toxins are produced during the biological processes of living organisms. They are inherently toxic and immunogenic. Toxicity of the toxins can be altered or inactivated, and vaccines can be made from toxins to treat diseases; these are known as toxoids. Toxoid is an attenuated form of toxin. Toxic nature of the toxin is weakened in toxoid. However, immunogenic property is maintained the same as toxins to induceantibodies。When the toxoid is introduced to a body, the immune system is capable of responding against both toxoid and original toxin to inactivate them. Hence, toxoids can be used as safe vaccines to combat toxin-based diseases by allowing the building of immunity in our bodies. The key difference between toxin and toxoid is thattoxin is a poisonous substance produced by organisms which is toxic和免疫原性whiletoxoid is an attenuated form of toxin which is non-toxic and immunogenic.

CONTENTS

1。概述和关键差异
2。What is a Toxin
3。What is a Toxoid
4.Similarities Between Toxin and Toxoid
5.并排比较 - 表格形式的毒素与毒素
6.Summary

What is a Toxin?

毒素是在生物体生物细胞的生物过程中产生的有毒物质。毒素是由不同类型的生物（例如细菌，真菌，植物，动物等）产生的，在毒素生产者中，细菌是流行的微生物，它们会产生引起严重疾病的毒素。例如破伤风，霍乱，炭疽，肉毒杆菌，猩红热，油脂，白喉等。细菌产生两种毒素内毒素and外毒素。Endotoxins are located within the革兰氏阴性细菌细胞壁。它们充当细菌外膜的一部分。它们由脂多糖组成。当内毒素被释放到外面细菌细胞被私密。产生外毒素并从细菌细胞中释放出来。肠毒素是一种靶向肠的外毒素。这些enterotoxinsare produced by certain bacterial species and cause food poisoning and several intestine diseases.

Toxins are also naturally produced by plants and animals to use as protective chemicals or as offensive mechanisms. Toxins are small molecules ofpolysaccharidesor多肽。这些毒素会影响我们的神经系统或消化系统并引起疾病。毒素的作用可能是急性或慢性的，具体取决于毒性。一些毒素仅影响特定生物。它们通过与位于细胞表面上的细胞受体结合而引发作用，并能够抑制酶促作用。

什么是毒素？

毒素会引起严重的疾病。科学家试图开发与毒素作斗争的方法。由于这些实验，他们能够开发称为毒素的武器。毒素是毒素的灭活或弱化形式。毒素与毒素作斗争。引入毒素作为安全疫苗来治愈基于毒素的疾病。毒素的毒性从毒素中去除。但是，毒素的结构类似于其原始毒素。但是毒素中的毒性并没有保留在毒素中。毒素的免疫原性在毒素中维持，以诱导宿主的免疫系统。 The composition of the toxoid is altered to remove harmful effects. The properties are changed by heating the toxins properly. Toxoids are not natural. They are manmade though derived from original toxins.

毒素是作为疫苗开发的，并给予动物和人，以营造出对基于毒素的疾病的免疫力。如果动物或人接种毒素，它们会免疫这种特定类型的毒素。该人或动物的免疫系统长期以来能够防御特定的毒素。毒素是小剂量的，以诱导免疫系统发展抗体。

毒素疫苗是安全的，因为毒力在失活后无法逆转。它们稳定，不受环境条件的变性。破伤风毒素和白喉毒素是科学家成功开发的两种毒素疫苗。

What are the Similarities Between Toxin and Toxoid?

• 毒素和毒素的结构相似。
• Both are immunogenic.
• Our body recognizes toxins and toxoids as threats.
• Antibodies react against both toxins and toxoids.

What is the Difference Between Toxin and Toxoid?

Toxin vs Toxoid
毒素是在生物体中产生的有毒物质。	毒素是一种毒素的衰减形式，可作为安全疫苗。
起源
毒素是天然制造的。	Toxoids are man-made. Hence, they are synthetic.
组成的改变
Toxin composition is the same as the original.	Toxoid composition is changed to remove harmful properties.
Properties
毒素具有毒性和免疫原性。	Toxoid has immunogenic properties. They are not toxic.

摘要 - 毒素与毒素

产生的毒素是一种有毒的物质生活organisms, often bacteria and fungi. Toxins are responsible for various types of acute and chronic diseases. Toxoid is an attenuated form of toxin produced by removing the toxicity while maintaining the immunogenicity. They are introduced as vaccines to animals and humans to cure or fight against toxin-based diseases. Toxoids are safe and stable. They are made synthetically changing the composition of the toxoid. This is the difference between toxin and toxoid.

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References:

1。”CONTENT.” Vaccine Safety Basics. N.p., n.d. Web.在这里可用。04 July 2017.
2.“毒素会引起健康作用，细菌毒素疾病。”健康信息和疾病原因，症状，治疗。N.P.，N.D。网络。在这里可用。04 July 2017.

图片提供：

1。“Immune Response to Exotoxins” By Ali1195 and Pokéfan95（CC BY-SA 4.0）通过Commons Wikimedia
2。“A vaccine and syringe” (Public Domain) viaFree Stock Photos