关键差异 -Immunoglobulin vs. Antibody
The production of antibodies is the key function of the human immune system. The antibody can identify and neutralize pathogens such asbacteria and viruses。免疫球蛋白和抗体都是可替代的术语。一些科学家认为免疫球蛋白作为抗体属于的主要蛋白质类基于它们的整体蛋白质结构。这是key differencebetween immunoglobulin and antibody. This article will elaborate on immunoglobulin and antibodies and highlight the difference between immunoglobulin and antibody.
What is Immunoglobulin?
The terms antibody and immunoglobulin are frequently used interchangeably. Antibodies belong to the immunoglobulin superfamily known asglycoproteins。However, based on the scientific evidence, an antibody is not identical to an immunoglobulin. B cells can synthesize two types of immunoglobulin, and they are a surface immunoglobulin, which are B-cell receptors and secreted immunoglobulin, which are antibodies.
什么是抗体?
抗体也被鉴定为免疫球蛋白。这是一个由重的球状Y形蛋白浆细胞。它由immune system识别和中和病原体,例如细菌和病毒。抗体通过可变区域区分了有害剂的专有分子,称为抗原。抗体的产生是免疫系统的核心功能,它们由免疫系统分泌的B细胞分泌称为浆细胞。据估计,人类免疫系统可产生约100亿种不同的抗体。他们能够约束一个独特的表位antigen。此外,已经开发出许多复合物遗传机制,使哺乳动物分化的B细胞从相对较少的抗体基因中产生杂物池。
What is the difference between Immunoglobulin and Antibody?
可以鉴定出来的免疫球蛋白和抗体之间只有很少的差异。
Definition:
Immunoglobulin:A large group of glycoproteins that constitute the antibodies formed in response to antigenic stimuli.
抗体:免疫球蛋白多磷酸糖蛋白糖蛋白通过β细胞和浆细胞响应异物的引入而合成。
分类:
Immunoglobulin:B细胞产生两种类型的免疫球蛋白等s surface immunoglobulin and secreted immunoglobulin.
抗体:抗体are one of two classes of immunoglobulin.
Major Functions:
Immunoglobulinhas two major functions. They are;
- Surface immunoglobulin: The membrane-bound form of an antibody may be known as a membrane immunoglobulin (mIg). It is a fragment of the B cell receptor (BCR), and it allows a B cell to identify when a specific antigen is existing in the body and stimulate B cell activation.
- Secreted immunoglobulin: Help to identify and destroy pathogens such as bacteria and viruses
抗体have one major function. The harmful agents are recognized and neutralized by antibodies. In addition to that, several immunodiagnostic procedures based on detection of complex antigen-antibody are utilized to identify and diagnose infectious diseases. For exampleELISA, Western blot,免疫荧光,免疫扩散,免疫电泳和磁性免疫测定。
Categorization
Immunoglobulin有五种抗体。他们是,
- IgA: most common form and they are present in mucous membranes of GI tract, respiratory tract, and in saliva and tears.
- IgD: It is present in serum, and its major function is involved in allergic responses
- IgE: It is present in the skin and mucous membranes, and it can respond to environmental antigens or foreign invaders. Therefore, it can play a role in skin epidemics.
- IgG:这在整个身体中广泛,主要抗体防御细菌侵袭和其他抗原
- IgM: This is found in blood. They can fight blood infections and triggers IgG production.
抗体:Different antibodies are produced by above immunoglobulin groups.
总之,很难确定地陈述免疫球蛋白和抗体之间的任何主要差异。简而言之,针对给定的抗原(异物或致病生物)产生抗体。B细胞产生的抗体将准确识别毒素或抗原,并产生抗原抗体复合物。因此,抗体有助于中和体内的抗原。除此之外,B细胞产生的抗体还将属于上述免疫球蛋白(IgG)类。
参考
Litman, G. W., Rast, J. P., Shamblott, M. J., Haire, R. N., Hulst, M., Roess, W., Litman, R. T., Hinds-Frey, K. R., Zilch, A., Amemiya, C. T. (1993). Phylogenetic diversification of immunoglobulin genes and the antibody repertoire.Mol. Biol. Evol.10 (1): 60–72.
Underdown, B. and Schiff, J. (1986). Immunoglobulin A: strategic defense initiative at the mucosal surface. Annu Rev Immunol, 4 (1): 389–417.
Milland, J. andSandrin, M. S. (2006).ABO blood group and related antigens, natural antibodies and transplantation.Tissue Antigens, 68 (6): 459–466.
Brehm-Stecher, B. and Johnson, E. (2004). Single-cell microbiology: tools, technologies, and applications. MicrobiolMolBiolRev,68(3): 538–559.
Image Courtesy:
1.“”单人脉” by Martin Brändli (brandlee86) – Own work. [CC BY-SA 2.5] via Commons
2.Antibody svg由Digitalshuttermonkey(重新创建的JPG最初由Muntasir Alam上传)[CC BY-SA 3.0],通过Wikimedia Commons
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