Difference Between ssRNA and dsRNA

Thekey difference在ssRNA和dsRNA之间是ssRNA只有一链RNA，而dsRNA由两个互补组成siRNA or miRNAstrands.

RNA or ribonucleic acid is a type of nucleic acid which is made up of ribonucleotides. Generally, RNA is a single-stranded molecule, unlike DNA double helix. In the Baltimore classification of viruses, Group III, Group IV and Group V includeRNA viruses. Some viruses have an ssRNA or single-stranded RNA genome. Therefore, their genome is made from one strand of RNA. Moreover, some viruses have dsRNA or double-stranded RNA genome. Therefore, their genome is made from two complementary strands of RNA. Sucrose or caesium chloride density gradient technique can separate ssRNA viruses and dsRNA viruses. Lighter particles are ssRNA viruses, while denser particles contain dsRNA.

内容

1.Overview and Key Difference
2.What is ssRNA
3.What is dsRNA
4.Similarities Between ssRNA and dsRNA
5。Side by Side Comparison – ssRNA vs dsRNA in Tabular Form
6。概括

What is ssRNA?

ssRNA stands for单链RNA. Generally, RNA is single-stranded. There are viruses having ssRNA genome. They are two types: positive sense and negative sense based on the sense or polarity of RNA. Positive sense single-stranded RNA behaves as mRNA. Hence, it can directly translate into a protein. Negative sense ssRNA is complementary to mRNA. Hence, it should be converted into positive-sense ssRNA by RNA dependant RNA polymerase. After that, it can translate into a protein.

In Baltimore classification, positive sense ssRNA viruses belong to Group IV while negative-sense ssRNA viruses belong to Group V. In sucrose or caesium chloride density gradients, lighter particles contain ssRNA viruses.

What is dsRNA?

dsRNA stands fordouble-stranded RNA. In dsRNA, there are two complementary strands of RNA. These strands are paired with each other by forming bonds between complementary bases. Unlike ssRNA, dsRNA is not long – it is a short molecule. dsRNA is formed when complementary DNA strands are transcribed into RNA by symmetrical transcription from opposing promoters. Moreover, ssRNA can form intra-strand double helixes which are dsRNA by complementary base pairing. dsRNA can also be formed by base pairing of complementary ssRNAs resulting from transposons and repetitive genes.

Some viruses have dsRNA genomes. These viruses have a wide host range.轮状病毒Picobirnavirus是DSRNA病毒。这些病毒的DSRNA基因组通过RNA依赖性RNA聚合酶转录为mRNA。然后，mRNA分子转化为病毒蛋白。此外，阳性感官RNA链可以再次用于生成新病毒颗粒的DSRNA基因组。在巴尔的摩分类中，dsRNA属于第三组。DSRNA病毒感染了包括哺乳动物，细菌，植物和真菌在内的所有生物。

小型干扰RNA或siRNA是一种DSRNA，可以触发真核生物中的RNA干扰以及脊椎动物中的干扰素反应。

ssRNA和dsRNA之间有什么相似之处？

• 有具有ssRNA和dsRNA的病毒。
• A single-stranded RNA molecule can undergo complementary base pairing to form intrastrand double helixes which are dsRNA.
• Both ssRNA and dsRNA are made from ribonucleotides having four bases; adenine(A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), or uracil (U), a ribose sugar and a phosphate group.

SSRNA和DSRNA有什么区别？

The key difference between ssRNA and dsRNA is that ssRNNA has only one strand, while dsRNA has two complementary RNA strands paired together. In nature, ssRNA is found abundantly while dsRNA is less abundant. In the Baltimore classification, ssRNA viruses are in Group IV and V, while dsRNA viruses are in Group III.

以下信息图显示了表格形式的ssRNA和dsRNA之间的差异。

概括– ssRNA vs dsRNA

In nature, RNA is found as a single-stranded molecule which is folded onto itself. mRNA is the single-stranded RNA molecule which translates into a protein on ribosomes. Many viruses have RNA genomes. Some viruses have ssRNA genomes while some viruses possess dsRNA genomes. dsRNA has two complementary RNA strands paired together. Positive sense ssRNA directly acts as mRNA and translates into viral proteins while negative sense ssRNA is converted into positive-sense ssRNA by RNA dependant RNA polymerase and then translated into proteins. dsRNA is transcribed into mRNA by RNA dependant RNA polymerase, and then the mRNA molecules translate into viral proteins. Thus, this summarizes the difference between ssRNA and dsRNA.

Reference:

1. “RNA.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 29 Nov. 2020,Available here.
2. Weber，Friedemann等。“双链RNA是由阳性链RNA病毒和DNA病毒产生的，但不能通过负链RNA病毒可检测的量产生。”美国微生物学会病毒学杂志，2006年5月，Available here.

Image Courtesy:

1. “18 2014 1695 Fig1 HTML” By Aartjan J. W. te Velthuis（CC由4.0）通过Commons Wikimedia
2. “Double-stranded RNA” By Supyyyy – Own work(CC BY-SA 4.0)通过Commons Wikimedia