DNA viruses containDNA作为RNA病毒含有的遗传物质RNAas the genetic material. Generally, DNA genomes are larger than RNA genomes. Furthermore, most DNA viruses contain double-stranded DNA while most RNA viruses contain single-stranded RNA.这些是key differencesbetween DNA and RNA viruses.
病毒是充当强制性寄生虫的传染性颗粒。它们取决于另一个活细胞,以乘以数量。他们执行复制过程,基因组的转录以及翻译mRNAtranscripts into proteins after infecting the respective host organism. Unlike other living things, they do not have a cellular structure. Hence, they are acellular and nonliving particles that belong to a separate group. Structurally, a virus has two components: a core of nucleic acid and a protein capsule. The viral genome consists of either DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) or RNA (ribonucleic acid). Likewise, depending on the genome, viruses can be DNA viruses or RNA viruses. Furthermore, DNA can be either single stranded or double stranded; it can also be linear or circular.
CONTENTS
1。概述和关键差异
2。什么是DNA病毒
3。什么是RNA病毒
4.DNA和RNA病毒之间的相似性
5.Side by Side Comparison – DNA vs RNA Viruses in Tabular Form
6.Summary
什么是DNA病毒?
包含DNA基因组DNA病毒是病毒。Some viruses contain double-stranded DNA genomes while some contain single-stranded DNA genome. Hence, they belong to group 1 and group 2 of Baltimore classification. Furthermore, this genome can be linear or segmented.

图01:DNA病毒
此外,这些病毒通常是大的,二十面体,包裹在脂蛋白中,并且没有聚合酶酶。每当它们复制时,它们都会使用宿主DNA聚合酶或病毒编码的DNA聚合酶。此外,它们会引起潜在感染。DNA病毒的一些例子是疱疹病毒,痘病毒,肝病病毒和乙型肝炎。
什么是RNA病毒?
RNA病毒是其基因组中有RNA的病毒。这些病毒可以进一步分类为单链RNA病毒和双链RNA病毒。但是,大多数RNA病毒都是单链的,可以进一步分为negative-sense and positive-sense RNA viruses。Positive-sense RNA serves directly as mRNA. But in order to serve as mRNA, negative-sense RNA must use an RNA polymerase to synthesize a complementary, positive strand.

Figure 02: RNA virus – SARS
RNA病毒属于巴尔的摩分类的III,IV和V组。III组包括双链RNA病毒,而IV组包括阳性单链RNA病毒。最后,V组包括阴性ssRNA病毒。此外,逆转录病毒还具有单链RNA基因组,但它们通过DNA的中间体转录。因此,它们不被视为RNA病毒。色夫病毒,冠状病毒,SARS,脊髓灰质炎病毒,肝炎病毒和流感病毒等是RNA病毒的一些例子。
DNA和RNA病毒之间有什么相似之处?
- DNA and RNA viruses are obligate parasites; hence, they need a living cell to replicate.
- 而且,它们是传染性颗粒。
- 因此,它们会引起人,动物,细菌和植物的疾病。
- Besides, both types have single stranded and double stranded genomes.
- And, they can be naked or enveloped viruses.
- 此外,它们含有蛋白质的衣壳。
- Both DNA and RNA cannot be found in the same virus.
DNA和RNA病毒之间有什么区别?
DNA病毒在其基因组中具有DNA,而RNA病毒的基因组中有RNA。与RNA病毒不同,DNA病毒将其DNA传递到宿主细胞的核,而不是进入宿主细胞的细胞质。但是RNA病毒首先吸附到宿主细胞表面,与内体膜融合,并将核皮质释放到细胞质中。因此,这些是DNA和RNA病毒之间的关键差异。
Furthermore, DNA polymerase enzyme is used in the replication process of DNA viruses. Since the DNA polymerase has a refining activity, the mutation level is lower in DNA viruses. On the other hand, RNA polymerase is used in RNA replication process of RNA viruses. The mutation level is high in RNA viruses because the RNA polymerase is unstable and can cause errors during the replication. Therefore, this is an extremely important difference between DNA and RNA viruses.
在DNA病毒中,转录过程中有两个阶段作为早期和晚期转录。在早期,在后期制作了mRNA(alpha和beta mRNA),在后期制作伽马mRNA并将其转换为细胞质。后期发生在DNA复制后。这些阶段在RNA病毒的RNA转录过程中无法区分。RNA病毒会在宿主核糖体上翻译mRNA,并立即制作所有五种病毒蛋白。因此,这是DNA和RNA病毒之间的显着差异之一。最重要的是,RNA病毒的RNA复制通常发生在宿主细胞的细胞质中,而DNA病毒的DNA复制发生在宿主细胞的核中。
以下信息图列出了DNA和RNA病毒之间的差异。
Summary – DNA vs RNA Viruses
DNA病毒和RNA病毒是病毒的两个主要类别。顾名思义,DNA病毒包含DNA作为其遗传物质,而RNA病毒含有RNA作为其遗传物质。因此,这是DNA和RNA病毒之间的关键差异之一。通常,DNA基因组大于RNA基因组。此外,大多数DNA病毒含有双链DNA,而大多数RNA病毒含有单链RNA。DNA病毒显示出准确的复制,而RNA病毒显示出容易出错的复制。除此之外,DNA病毒是稳定的,并且显示出较低的突变速率,而RNA病毒则不稳定并显示出更高的突变率。这是DNA和RNA病毒之间差异的摘要。
参考:
1.“ DNA病毒。”神经图像,学术出版社,在这里可用。
2。“RNA Virus.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 20 Feb. 2019,在这里可用。
图片提供:
1。“Tevenphage” By Adenosine (original); en:User:Pbroks13 (redraw) – http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Tevenphage.png(CC BY-SA 2.5)通过下议院维基梅迪亚
2. NIH图片库(公共领域)通过Flickr
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