Thekey difference核酶和蛋白质酶之间the ribozymes areRNA moleculesthat are capable of catalyzing certain specific biochemical reactions while the protein enzymes are protein molecules that are capable of catalyzing most of the biochemical reactions occurring in the living organisms。
Enzymes are biological catalysts, and they speed up the rate of biochemical reactions. Generally, all enzymes are proteins made up of amino acids. Hence they are also referred to as protein enzymes. However, there are specific RNA molecules that can act as catalysts of specific biochemical reactions. They are the ribozymes or ribonucleic acid enzymes. Therefore, both ribozymes and protein enzymes carry out the same function that is the catalyzing of biochemical reactions.
内容
1.Overview and Key Difference
2.What are Ribozymes
3.What are Protein Enzymes
4.Similarities Between Ribozymes and Protein Enzymes
5.Side by Side Comparison – Ribozymes vs Protein Enzymes in Tabular Form
6。概括
What are Ribozymes?
Ribozymes are ribonucleic acid molecules that are capable of catalyzing specific biochemical reactions. Since they are RNA molecules, they refer to ribonucleic acid enzymes as well. These ribozymes are present in theribosomes。核酶催化的主要反应是RNA和DNA和肽键形成的裂解和连接。
Furthermore, ribozymes act as a part of the large subunit of ribosomes and participate in the activities of protein synthesis such as RNA splicing,tRNA合成等。Hammerhead核酶,Varkud卫星(VS)核酶,铅酶和发夹核酶是核酶的几个例子。
什么是蛋白质酶?
蛋白质酶是生物催化剂,可加速在植物,动物,微生物和其他生物体中发生的大多数生化反应。通常,在没有酶的情况下,大多数生化反应的速度非常缓慢。因此,酶是所有生物体中必不可少的生物分子。从结构上讲,酶由氨基酸序列组成。因此,它们是特定的蛋白质。
功能
酶通过与底物通过其催化位点结合来加速反应。另外,酶是其底物的特异性。更常见的是,催化位点的形状与底物的形状互补。因此,特定类型的酶可以调节特定类型的反应。因此,活细胞中有许多类型的酶。淀粉酶,麦芽胶酶,胰蛋白酶,蛋白酶,胃蛋白酶,脂肪酶,聚合酶,纤维素酶,酒精脱氢酶,苏糖酶和乳糖酶是酶的一些例子。
Each enzyme works best at its optimal temperature and pH. Hence, we should provide optimal conditions during the reactions. If the temperature exceeds the denaturing temperature of the proteins, shapes of the enzymes may change and their activities may shut down. In the end, the rate of the reaction becomes slow. If the enzyme works at normal conditions, it remains unchanged even after the reaction. Hence, it can participate in another reaction. Some enzymes require cofactors for the functioning. Cofactors are inorganic or organic molecules. They help enzymes by binding with the enzyme loosely or tightly.
What are the Similarities Between Ribozymes and Protein Enzymes?
- 核酶和蛋白质酶都是生物催化剂。
- They are capable of catalyzing biochemical reactions that occur in living organisms.
- Also, both are macromolecules.
- Besides, they have diverse structures and mechanisms.
核酶和蛋白质酶有什么区别?
核酶和蛋白质酶之间的主要区别在于核酶是RNA分子,而蛋白质酶是globular proteins。Therefore, ribozymes are polymers of ribonucleotides while protein enzymes are polymers of amino acids. Thus, this is also a difference between ribozymes and protein enzymes.
Moreover, a further difference between ribozymes and protein enzymes is that the ribozymes are present in the ribosomes while protein enzymes are present everywhere in the cell even within the many cell organelles.
The below infographic shows more details on the difference between ribozymes and protein enzymes.
摘要 - 核酶与蛋白质酶
Ribozymes and protein enzymes are two types of biological catalysts present in living cells. They perform a similar action. However, ribozymes are RNA molecules composed of ribonucleotides while protein enzymes are globular proteins composed of amino acids. Furthermore, ribozymes are present in the ribosomes while protein enzymes are present everywhere in the cell. Moreover, ribozymes are less abundant while protein enzymes are more abundant in the cell. Therefore, this is the summary of the difference between ribozymes and protein enzymes.
Reference:
1. Walter, N G, and D R Engelke. “Ribozymes: Catalytic RNAs That Cut Things, Make Things, and Do Odd and Useful Jobs.” Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports., U.S. National Library of Medicine, Oct. 2002.Available here
2. Cooper,Geoffrey M.“酶作为生物催化剂的核心作用。”当前的神经病学和神经科学报告,美国国家医学图书馆,1970年1月1日。Available here
Image Courtesy:
1.”Ribozyme”By Robinson R(CC BY 2.5)viaCommons Wikimedia
2.“葡萄糖酶酶”托马斯·沙菲(Thomas Shafee) - 自己的工作,(CC BY-SA 4.0)viaCommons Wikimedia
Eya Mae说
为什么细胞在催化每个生化过程中使用蛋白质酶而不是核酶?