Thekey difference在病毒和逆转录病毒之间provirus is a stage of viral replication which shows the integrated state of viralgenomewith host genome while retrovirus is anRNA病毒that has the ability to convert its RNA genome into DNA intermediate by enzyme reverse transcriptase.
病毒是能够在活生物体内复制的微小传染性颗粒。因此,他们是obligate intracellular parasites. They can infect almost all living organisms, including animals, plants, fungi, protozoa and bacteria. Thus, they are the causative agents of many deadly diseases, including HIV, polio, rubella, hepatitis, etc. Furthermore, they are microscopic particles composed of protein capsids and DNA or RNA genome. Their genome can be single-stranded or double-stranded, circular or linear. Retrovirus is a group of viruses. These viruses possess a positive-sense single-stranded RNA genome and genes coding for reverse transcriptase enzyme. Hence, they are capable of replicating via an intermediate of DNA. In contrast, the provirus is a stage of viral replication.
内容
1.Overview and Key Difference
2.What is Provirus
3.什么是逆转录病毒
4。病毒和逆转录病毒之间的相似性
5。Side by Side Comparison – Provirus vs Retrovirus in Tabular Form
6。概括
What is Provirus?
病毒是宿主内部病毒复制的一个阶段。在此阶段,病毒基因组存在与宿主基因组整合在一起。通常,病毒是指插入真核宿主细胞基因组DNA中的病毒基因组。原病毒和预言是相似的结构,但是病毒与预言有所不同,因为该事实将病毒基因组整合到真核基因组中,而预言则选择细菌基因组作为宿主。病毒可以在更长的时间内充当内源性病毒元件,这有可能引起感染。常见的例子是内源性逆转录病毒,这些逆转录病毒始终存在于病毒的阶段。
病毒经历了溶酶果病毒复制。一旦将病毒集成到宿主基因组中,就不会自行复制。它用真核宿主基因组复制。通过此过程,原病毒将传递到原始细胞,并通过细胞分裂,该病毒将存在于最初感染细胞的所有后代细胞中。
Furthermore, provirus integration to the eukaryotic genome can result in two types of infection; latent infection and productive infection. Latent infection occurs when the provirus gets transcriptionally silent. During productive infection, the integrated provirus becomes transcriptionally active and transcribes into mRNA (messenger RNA), which results in the direct production of a new virus. The produced viruses come out disrupting the cell membranes. A latent infection has the potential to become a productive infection if the organism gets immune-compromised or due to certain other health issues.
什么是逆转录病毒?
A retrovirus is a viral group which possesses a positive-sense single-stranded RNA genome. They contain an enzyme called reverse transcriptase and their replication occurs via a DNA intermediate. The production of an intermediate DNA during the replication is unique to this group of viruses.
During the infection, retroviruses attach to the host cell through the specific glycoproteins located at the outer surface of the viral particle. They fuse with the cell membrane and enter the host cell. After penetration into the host cell cytoplasm, retrovirus reverse transcribes its genome into double-stranded DNA using reverse transcriptase enzyme. The new DNA integrates into the host cell genome using an enzyme called integrase and produces the provirus stage. Though an infection has occurred, the host cell fails to recognize viral DNA after integration. Hence, during the host genome replication, viral genome replicates and produces necessary proteins to make new copies of viral particles.
逆转录病毒可以通过两个人之间的直接接触或两只动物之间的直接接触来传播。有三个逆转录病毒家族:癌症病毒,慢病毒和spumavirus。癌病毒是导致癌症发展的病毒。慢病毒是导致致命传染病发作的病毒,而Spumavirus包含从信封辐射的特征尖峰。
与逆转录病毒感染相关的疾病包括猫白血病或肉瘤,Caprine关节炎脑炎,人类成人细胞白血病等,由于其自然能力将病毒基因组插入宿主生物体中,逆转录病毒在基因递送系统中具有巨大使用,并且它们的作用及其作用作为分子生物学的宝贵研究工具。
What are the Similarities Between Provirus and Retrovirus?
- 通过病毒sta逆转录病毒复制发生ge.
- 因此,病毒是逆转录病毒乘法的关键阶段。
病毒和逆转录病毒有什么区别?
A provirus is a viral genome integrated with the host genome and is a stage of viral replication. In contrast, a retrovirus is an RNA virus that is able to reverse transcribe its RNA genome into DNA prior to integration with the host genome. So, this is the key difference between provirus and retrovirus. Retroviruses contain reverse transcriptase enzymes, unlike provirus.
概括– Provirus vs Retrovirus
病毒是病毒复制的一个阶段。它是整合到宿主基因组中的病毒基因组。相反,逆转录病毒是单链RNA病毒,通过DNA中间体复制。因此,这是病毒和逆转录病毒之间的关键区别。逆转录病毒在宿主内复制期间还会经历病毒阶段。
Reference:
1. Coffin, John M. “Transcription.” Retroviruses., U.S. National Library of Medicine, 1 Jan. 1997,Available here.
2.“病毒病。”。Wikipedia,Wikimedia基金会,2018年10月8日,Available here.
Image Courtesy:
1. “12981 2016 114 Fig2 HTML” By Mofeeddaban – Own work (CC BY-SA 4.0)viaCommons Wikimedia
2. Raul654翻译的“ HIV Gross” - 最初来自GFDL图像:HIV GROSS GERMEN.PNG(CC BY-SA 3.0)viaCommons Wikimedia
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