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之间的区别Genome and Gene Pool

2018年10月17日Posted bySamanthi博士

这关键区别在基因组和基因库之间genome refers to the entireDNAof an organism while the gene pool refers to the complete set of unique基因of an interbreeding population.

基因是遗传的基本结构单位。基因从父母传递到后代通过gametes。Also, they are present in the genome of an organism. Genome is the complete set of DNA of an organism. Gene pool is also a similar term. But, it represents the collection of all genes present in a population or a species. In contrast to genome, gene pool is a mixture of genes of a population. Accordingly, gene pool represents the all possible等位基因存在于那个特定人群中。

CONTENTS

1。概述和关键差异
2。什么是基因组
3。什么是基因库
4。Similarities Between Genome and Gene Pool
5.Side by Side Comparison – Genome vs Gene Pool in Tabular Form
6.Summary

什么是基因组?

基因组是生物体中存在的全部DNA集合。简而言之,基因组是有机体的完整遗传材料。基因组包含生物体需要运行的所有信息。在真核生物中,基因组在原核生物中存在于原核生物中,基因组漂浮在细胞质中。此外,基因组主要由coding and non-coding DNA。Also, genes are present in the genome, and it occupies a small percentage from the total genome. Even within the genes, introns which are non-coding sequences can be seen. Intergenic regions, promoter sequences, enhancers and regulatory sequences are the other types of sequences present in the genome of an organism.

之间的区别Genome and Gene Pool

Figure 01: Genome of a Bacterium

In humans, genome represents the 46 chromosomes. It完全是DNA基因组。它包含超过30亿个碱基对DNA。大多数活生物体都有DNA基因组。但是也有RNA基因组。一些病毒具有RNA基因组。

什么是基因库?

基因库是基因的集合的人口or a species. Thus, it is a mixture of genes of a group of organisms. It does not represent a single organism. In fact, gene pool represents a group of organisms and total alleles of that particular population. Here, the alleles are alternative forms of a gene. Furthermore, the gene pool accounts all possible forms of the genes within the population. Therefore, we can define the term gene pool as an abstract collection of a total of all existing variants of every gene of the population.

此外,每个等位基因在基因库中都有一个频率。因此,等位基因频率也可以用作进化的度量。此外,在进化线中,有必要增加基因库中的有利等位基因频率,同时消除其不利等位基因。

基因组和基因库之间的关键区别

图02:基因库

Moreover, gene flow and genetic drift are two possible things that can take place in a gene pool. Here, gene flow refers to the transfer of a gene from one gene pool of a population to another gene pool of a different population of the same species. While, genetic drift refers to a change in gene pool of a population by chance. However, from both mechanisms, genes can move in and out from the gene pool.

在植物育种和植物改善中,基因库是一个重要的概念,因为它指导育种者为杂交选择种质。

基因组和基因库之间有什么相似之处?

  • Both genome and gene pool include genes of the organisms.
  • 而且,两者都会随着时间的推移而发生进化。
  • Besides, both are important in studying mutations and speciation.

基因组和基因库有什么区别?

基因很重要,因为它们包含产生蛋白质的遗传信息。生物的基因组含有这些基因。因此,基因组是包含生物体遗传信息的生物体DNA的完整集。相比之下,基因库是人群中等位基因的全部集合。因此,基因池包括人群的遗传信息。因此,这是基因组和基因库之间的主要区别。同样,这引起了基因组和基因库之间的另一个差异。也就是说,整个基因组测序告诉我们生物体如何通过遗传学相互关系,而基因库有助于研究人群的演变。总体而言,基因组代表单个生物体,而基因库代表人群。

之间的区别Genome and Gene Pool in Tabular Form

摘要 - 基因组与基因库

基因组和基因库是代表生物体基因的两个术语。基因组代表了生物体的整个DNA,而基因库代表了人群中每个基因的所有可能等位基因。因此,这是基因组和基因库之间的关键区别。此外,人口包括所有关注的人;因此,等位基因在基因库中具有频率。同样,基因可能会发生突变。特别是在等位基因中,以及一些有利的等位基因保留在基因库中,而一些不利和突变的等位基因从基因库中消除。因此,等位基因频率是人口发展的良好量度。与此相似,基因组也涉及生物的进化。关于它们的重要性,基因组有助于了解生物在遗传上如何相互关系,而基因库对于植物繁殖的植物改善很重要。

参考:

1。Study.com, Study.com.在这里可用
2.“什么是基因组?- 遗传学家庭参考 - NIH。”美国国家卫生研究院美国国家医学图书馆。在这里可用

图片提供:

1。”Halo genome”By Konstantinos Mavromatis, Natalia Ivanova, Iain Anderson, Athanasios Lykidis, Sean D. Hooper, Hui Sun, Victor Kunin, et al. (2009) Genome Analysis of the Anaerobic Thermohalophilic Bacterium Halothermothrix orenii. PLoS ONE 4(1): e4192. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0004192,(CC由2.5)通过下议院维基梅迪亚
2.“ Balto-Slavic基因库的祖先成分” Alena Kushniarevich,Olga Utevska,Marina Chuhryaeva,Anastasia agdzhoyan,Khadizhat Dibirova,Ingrida uktverytery,Märtmottery,MärtmMöls等。(2015)Balto-Slavic口语种群的遗传遗产:常染色体,线粒体和Y染色体数据的合成。PLOS ONE 10(9):E0135820。doi:10.1371/(CC由2.5)通过下议院维基梅迪亚

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提交以下:Genetics

关于作者:Samanthi博士

Samanthi博士Udayangani holds a B.Sc. Degree in Plant Science, M.Sc. in Molecular and Applied Microbiology, and PhD in Applied Microbiology. Her research interests include Bio-fertilizers, Plant-Microbe Interactions, Molecular Microbiology, Soil Fungi, and Fungal Ecology.

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