之间的区别Platelets and Clotting Factors

关键区别 - 血小板vs Clotting Factors

血液凝血is an important process. When ablood vessel受伤或割伤，应在导致冲击或死亡之前防止血液系统过多的血液损失。它是通过将血液系统中的特定循环元素转换为受伤部位的不溶性凝胶样物质来完成的。这被称为血液凝结或血液凝结。由于这一过程，受伤的血管连续失血，组织andorgans，，，，is stopped, and as a result, possible complications are prevented as soon as possible. Blood coagulation is accomplished by making a blood clot. A blood clot consists of a plug of platelets and a network of insolublefibrin分子。血液凝血主要是通过纤维蛋白凝块的形成来完成的。纤维蛋白是一种不溶性，纤维和非全球蛋白，涉及血液的凝结。它是血凝块的基础织物聚合物。纤维蛋白的形成是由于血管系统的任何部分或circulatory system。When there is an injury,proteaseenzyme called thrombin acts on纤维蛋白原并导致其聚合成纤维蛋白，这是一种不溶性凝胶样蛋白。然后，纤维蛋白与血小板一起在伤口部位产生一个血块，以防止持续出血。血小板是凝血过程中需要的一种血细胞。凝血因子是血液中的物质，其依次作用形成和增强血块以停止流血。这是key differencebetween platelets and clotting factors.

1。Overview and Key Difference
2。What are Platelets
3.What are Clotting Factors
4.Similarities Between Platelets and Clotting Factors
5.并排比较 - 小血小板与表格形式的凝血因子
6.Summary

What are Platelets?

Platelets are small disk-shaped cells found in large numbers of the blood. Platelets are also known asthrombocytes。他们没有nucleus。血小板占血细胞总数的近20％。血小板的直径位于3至4μm之间。健康的人的血小板计数在每µL血液150,000至450,000之间。通过完全的血液计数，可以在血液中估计血小板计数。血小板的寿命为8至10天。血小板是由我们身体的骨髓产生的。血小板的主要功能是通过在血液凝结过程的第一阶段形成血小板塞来促进血液凝结的过程。

血小板也产生血小板因子3,is important in the reaction process of coagulation. When the normal vascular integrity is disrupted due to an injury, circulating platelets and other factors assemble near the site of injury. Prostaglandins such as thromboxane aid the process of platelet aggregation and this are followed by the formation of the fibrin network on the site of injury to prevent further blood loss.

Disorders of platelets can cause many imbalances in the body. Certain health medications such as aspirin (a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug) are administered to prevent blood clotting by interrupting a specific step of platelet aggregation.

图01：血小板

血液中血小板的异常水平导致体内几乎没有疾病。血小板减少症是一种疾病，其特征是血液中异常低水平的血小板。Thrombocytopeniacan also be a result of certain viral infections such asDengue，该病毒能够破坏血小板，导致血小板水平迅速降低。

什么是凝血因素？

凝血因子是血液中的物质，它们依次发挥了血块并停止出血。它们也被称为凝血因素。有不同类型的凝血因子，例如可溶性血浆因子。其中，有些是血浆蛋白，而某些无机离子也被发现。

Figure 02: Coagulation Process

Some of the significant clotting factors are listed below with their roles during the blood clot formation.

Fibrinogen is a plasma protein that is produced by the liver and converts into fibrin.
凝血酶原是另一种由肝脏合成并将纤维蛋白原转化为纤维蛋白的血浆蛋白。
组织因子是一个plasma membrane glycoproteinthat activates theextrinsic pathway血液凝结。
Calcium ions are also needed for the overall process of coagulation.
Proaccelerin是一种血浆蛋白，对于凝血的常见途径至关重要。
Antihemophilic factor is a plasma protein that is required for theintrinsic pathway。
等离子体血栓形成蛋白也是一种血浆蛋白，对于内在途径至关重要。
Stuart factor involves the common pathway.
血小板蛋白的先例是内在途径的一个因素。
Hageman factor is a factor of the intrinsic pathway that activates plasmin.
Fibrin stabilizing factor is a plasma protein that is necessary for the formation of cross-links between fibrin to form a strong, stable clot.
Fletcher factor is a plasma protein that activates Hageman factor.

What are the Similarities Between Platelets and Clotting Factors?

Platelets and clotting factors are found in the blood.
Both Platelets and Clotting Factors are components involved in blood coagulation.
血小板和凝血因素在停止流血方面至关重要。

What is the Difference Between Platelets and Clotting Factors?

血小板与凝血因子
Platelets are tiny disk-shaped blood cells that are important to form blood clots to stop bleeding.	Clotting Factors are the substances of the blood that involve in blood coagulation process.
Type
血小板是无核细胞样细胞。	凝血因子是血浆蛋白，无机离子或质膜糖蛋白。

Summary – Plateletsvs Clotting Factors

血液凝结是一个重要的自然过程，在血管受伤后不久就会发生。它可以防止致命的出血和失血过多。血液的几个成分参与血液凝结。其中，血小板和凝结因子或凝结因子是重要的两个组成部分。血小板是血液的微小盘状细胞，形成血小板塞以阻断受伤部位并防止出血。凝血因子是血液的物质，在受伤部位依次起作用并形成稳定且强的纤维蛋白血块。这是血小板和凝血因子之间的差异。

参考：

1。“What Are Platelets?” What Are Platelets? – Health Encyclopedia – University of Rochester Medical Center.Available here
2。“Coagulation.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 28 Feb. 2018.Available here

图片提供：

1。’Blausen 0740 Platelets’By Blausen.com staff (2014). “Medical gallery of Blausen Medical 2014”. WikiJournal of Medicine 1 (2). DOI:10.15347/wjm/2014.010. ISSN 2002-4436. – Own work,（CC由3.0）通过Commons Wikimedia
2.’在Vivo中凝结着Graham Beards博士 - 自己的工作，(CC BY-SA 3.0)通过Commons Wikimedia