Difference Between Nucleus and Nucleolus

Thekey difference细胞核和核仁之间nucleus is the most important cell organelle that houses the genetic material of aeukaryotic cellwhile nucleolus is a sub-organelle located inside the nucleus that containsRNA。

The cell is the building block of all the living organisms. There are various components of a cell. A eukaryotic cell has membrane-bound cell organelles. Each cell organelle has a unique function to carry out. Thus, cell organelles perform different functions that are vital for the survival of a cell. The nucleus is the main and most important cell organelle of a eukaryotic cell. It is the location where the genetic material resides in eukaryotic cells. The nucleolus is an area inside the nucleus that contains RNA.

内容

1.Overview and Key Difference
2.What is Nucleus
3.What is Nucleolus
4.Similarities Between Nucleus and Nucleolus
5.Side by Side Comparison – Nucleus vs Nucleolus in Tabular Form
6.概括

什么是核？

Nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle present in almost every eukaryotic cell except some cells such as red blood cells. Nucleus is the largest organelle in animal cells. It is mostly round shaped. Also, this is one of the essential organelles in a cell. Moreover, the structure of thenuclear membrane与结构相似质膜。外核包膜连接到粗糙的内质网，上面可能有核糖体。核包膜是不连续的，由称为孔的空间组成。它们占据蛋白质，充当跨膜通道。此外，核包膜将细胞核内部的含量与细胞质和其他细胞器分开。

There is a viscous liquid known as the nucleoplasm inside the nucleus. Nucleoplasm is very similar to the cytoplasm. Majority of cells houses the genetic material of an organism inside the nucleus. DNA molecules, which are responsible for controlling the cell and inheriting genes, are arranged into chromosomes inside the nucleus. During nuclear division, the nucleus undergoes four phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase. During these phases, the nucleus of a cell undergoes changes, and ultimately divides into two (in mitosis) or four (in meiosis) daughter nuclei.

What is Nucleolus?

Nucleolus is a structure found within the nucleus. It is a highly dense area of the nucleus, which occupies 25% of the total volume of the nucleus. Moreover, there are three distinct regions of the nucleolus: fibrillar centres, dense fibrillar component, and granular component.

此外，核仁是一种非膜的亚轨道。它由负责编码核糖体生产的RRNA的DNA单元组成。因此，核仁的主要功能是合成rRNA并产生核糖体（核糖体生物发生）。

What are the Similarities Between Nucleus and Nucleolus?

• 核和核仁是真核细胞的两个组成部分。
• 实际上，核仁是核的一部分。
• 并且都含有核酸。
• Moreover, they are important for protein and RNA production.

What is the Difference Between Nucleus and Nucleolus?

Nucleus is an important cell organelle that houses the genetic material of a eukaryotic organism while nucleolus is a part of the nucleus which contains RNA and carries out ribosome biogenesis. So, this is the key difference between nucleus and nucleolus. Thus, nucleolus is a sub-organelle, whereas nucleus is the main organelle within a cell.

Moreover, a further difference between nucleus and nucleolus is that nucleus is a double membranous organelle whereas nucleolus doesn’t have any membrane. Furthermore, there is also a functional difference between nucleus and nucleolus. The main function of the nucleus is to control cellular activities and regulate gene expression while the main function of nucleolus is to produce ribosomes. Besides, nucleus is mainly responsible for producing mRNA while nucleolus is mainly responsible for producing rRNA.

概括– Nucleus vs Nucleolus

总而言之，核与核仁之间的差异，核是真核细胞的主要细胞细胞器。它容纳生物体的遗传物质。同时，核仁是核的一部分。它是核的密集区域。而且，这是一个子轨道。核仁负责产生rRNA和核糖体。因此，它富含RNA，而核则富含DNA。此外，核包膜围绕着核，而核仁是非膜的。

Reference:

1. “Nucleus and Ribosomes.” Khan Academy,Available here。
2. Lam，Yun Wah等。“核仁。”细胞科学杂志，生物学家有限公司的公司，2005年4月1日，Available here。

Image Courtesy:

1. “0312 Animal Cell and Components” ByOpenStax–(CC BY 4.0)通过Commons Wikimedia
2. “0318 Nucleus” ByOpenStax–(CC BY 4.0)通过Commons Wikimedia