Difference Between Upper and Lower Urinary Tract Infection

关键区别 - 上尿路感染

Let us first look at a brief overview of the尿路在讨论上和下尿路感染之间的差异之前，尿路是管状系统，从其生产部位转移尿液，肾脏。尿路由双侧输尿管组成，进入膀胱，尿道从膀胱传递到外部尿液。该管状系统使尿液的连续通道连续通过。该系统衬有一种特殊类型的epitheliumcalled urothelium. The renal pelvis which receives urine from the renal tissue and to the ureters is known as the Upper urinary tract. The urethra and the膀胱storage is referred to as The Lower urinary tract. Infections of theurethra(urethritis) and the bladder (cystitis) are referred to as lower urinary tract infections. Involvement of theureters肾脏（肾盂肾炎）被称为上尿路感染。因此，key difference在上尿路感染之间is由解剖学参与确定。但是，在某些情况下，整个区域都被感染引起pan urinary tract infections。Lower urinary tract infection can easily spread to involve upper tracts causing both upper and lower urinary tract infections together.

What is Upper Urinary Tract Infection?

Upper urinary tract infection orpyelonephritisis a serious infection which can sometimes lead to death. These infections are commonlycaused bygram-negative杆菌derived from the gut. Patients with anatomical abnormalities of the urinary system as well as patients with immune suppression are prone to get pyelonephritis.Clinical featuresare demarcated by high fever and loin tenderness. The patient can become seriously ill due tosepticemiaor germs in the blood. These patients need to be admitted to the hospital and should be immediately started on intravenous antibiotics covering gram-negative bacilli after taking urine and blood for culture. If the patient has an obstruction in the urinary excretory system, stent insertion may be required. It is very important to continue antibiotics for an adequate duration as an incomplete regimen can lead to re-infection and complications. Once the acute phase is gone, it is very important to investigate the underlying causes and treat them appropriately (e.g. removal ofrenal stones).上尿路感染的并发症are renal abscesses,acute renal failure，慢性肾盂肾炎等。

What is Lower Urinary Tract Infection?

降低尿路感染或cycto-urethritis是一种非常普遍的感染形式，尤其是在性活跃的女性中。女性更容易获得较低的尿路感染，因为它们的尿道短migration of skin organismseasily compared to the longer urethra in males. Therefore, lower urinary tract infections among male as well as infections among children and elderly are considered as significant. Somesexually transmitted diseasessuch assyphilis也可能导致尿道炎。They usuallypresent with severe lower abdominal pain。Lower urinary tract infections should be treated with short causes of appropriate oralantibioticsand can be treated as an outpatient. Special investigations are not required for a simple lower urinary tract infection. However, patients who are not responding to an adequate cause antibiotics, as well as people who get recurrent infections, need to be further investigated.

上部和下部Uri之间的区别是什么nary Tract Infection?

解剖学

上尿路感染：上尿路感染会影响肾脏和输尿管。

Lower urinary tract infection:较低的尿路感染会影响膀胱和尿道。

Cause

上尿路感染：上尿路感染是由革兰氏负生物大多数时代引起的。

Lower urinary tract infection:Lower urinary tract infections can be caused by some sexually transmitted pathogen in additional to gram-negative bacilli and skin commensals.

严重程度

上尿路感染：Upper urinary tract infections are more severe.

Lower urinary tract infection:Lower urinary tract infections are less severe.

症状

上尿路感染：症状包括腰部疼痛和明显的腰部压痛。

Lower urinary tract infection:症状include lower abdominal pain, burning micturition and lower abdominal tenderness.

治疗

上尿路感染：Upper urinary tract infections should always be treated with intravenous antibiotics.

Lower urinary tract infection:Lower urinary tract infections can be treated with a course of oral antibiotics, and no special investigations are required in uncomplicated cases.

Complication

上尿路感染：Upper urinary tract infections can be ended up with acute renal failure, renal abscesses, septicemia, and death, etc.

Lower urinary tract infection:Lower urinary tract infections usually do not lead to serious complications.