激酶和磷酸化酶之间的差异

Key Difference – Kinase vs Phosphorylase

Both Kinase and Phosphorylase are酶那样处理phosphatethough there lies a difference in their function and nature. The key difference between them is that,基那se is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group from ATP molecule to a specified molecule whereas phosphorylase is an enzyme that introduces a phosphate group into an organic molecule, particularly glucose.本文将向您介绍处理磷酸盐的激酶和磷酸化酶酶，并解释激酶和磷酸化酶之间的差异是什么。

什么是磷酸化酶？

Phosphorylases were discovered by Earl W. Sutherland Jr. in the late 1930s. These enzymes catalyze the addition of a phosphate group from an inorganic phosphate or phosphate+hydrogen to anorganic moleculeacceptor. As an example, glycogen phosphorylase can catalyze the合成of glucose-1-phosphate from a glucan including a糖原，淀粉或麦芽糊精分子。该反应称为磷酸解释，也类似于水解。但是，唯一的不同是它是磷酸盐，而不是放置在键上的水分子。

What is Kinase?

激酶可以催化从高能，磷酸盐分子到特定底物的转移。当底物获得磷酸基团和ATP的高能量分子时，该过程被确定为磷酸化。在这个磷酸化过程中，激酶起着重要的作用，它是较大的磷酸转移酶家族的一部分。因此，激酶在细胞中非常重要metabolism，，，，protein regulation, cellular transport, and numerous cellular pathways.

激酶和磷酸化酶之间有什么差异？

定义基那se and Phosphorylase

激酶：基那se is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of phosphate groups from high-energy, phosphate-donating molecules to particular substrates.

Phosphorylase:Phosphorylase is an enzyme that catalyzes the addition of a phosphate group from an inorganic phosphate or phosphate+hydrogen to an organic molecule acceptor.

特点基那se and Phosphorylase

Mechanism of action

激酶：催化ATP的末端磷酸基团的传播到基材上的-OH基团。从而在产品中产生磷酸酯键。反应称为phosphorylation,总体反应被写为

Phosphorylase:Catalyze the introduction of a phosphate group into an organic molecule. The reaction is known as a磷酸化总体反应被写为

Phosphate donor in the reaction of kinase and phosphorylase enzymes

激酶：来自ATP分子的磷酸盐基

Phosphorylase:来自无机磷酸盐的磷酸盐组

Substrate of kinase and phosphorylase enzymes

激酶：特定的有机分子，例如碳水化合物，蛋白质或脂质

Phosphorylase:有机分子主要是葡萄糖

激酶和磷酸化酶的最终产物

激酶：ADP（能量分子） +磷酸化底物

Phosphorylase:如果底物是葡萄糖，则可以产生葡萄糖1-磷酸盐

激酶和磷酸化酶的结构

激酶：激酶是一种非常复杂的三级结构蛋白。

Phosphorylase:磷酸化酶的生物活性形式是两个相等蛋白亚单元的二聚体。例如，糖原磷酸化酶是一种巨大的蛋白质，包含842个氨基酸，质量为97.434 kDa。糖原磷酸化酶二聚体具有几个生物学重要性，包括催化位点，糖原结合位点以及变构位点。

Regulation of kinase and phosphorylase enzyme

激酶：激酶活性受到高度调节，它们对细胞具有强烈的影响。激酶通过磷酸化，蛋白质激活剂或蛋白质抑制剂的结合或控制其在细胞中与底物相关的位置来激活激活。

Phosphorylase:糖原磷酸化酶受变构控制和磷酸化调节。肾上腺素和胰岛素等激素也可以调节糖原磷酸化酶。

激酶和磷酸化酶的分类

激酶：基那ses are categorized into comprehensive groups by the substrate they act upon such as protein kinases, lipid kinases, and carbohydrate kinases.

Phosphorylase:磷酸化酶分为两个；糖基转移酶和核苷酸转移酶。糖基转移酶的例子是，

• 糖原phosphorylase
• 淀粉磷酸化酶
• 麦芽糊精磷酸化酶
• Purine nucleoside phosphorylase

核苷酸转移酶的示例是，

• 多核苷酸磷酸化酶

激酶和磷酸化酶的病理学

激酶：Decontrolled kinase activity can cause cancer and disease in humans, including certain types of leukemia and many others because kinases regulate many phases that control cell cycle including growth, movement, and death.

Phosphorylase:一些培养基疾病，例如糖原储存疾病V型 - 肌肉糖原和糖原储存疾病VI型 - 肝糖原等与磷酸酶有关。

References

Chang. S., Rosenberg, M.J., Morton, H., Francomano, C.A. and Biesecker, L.G. (1998). Identification of a mutation in liver glycogen phosphorylase in glycogen storage disease type VI.哼。摩尔。基因，7（5）：865–70。

Ciesla, J., Frączyk, T. and Rode, W. (2011). Phosphorylation of basic amino acid residues in proteins: important but easily missed.Acta Biochimica Polonica，，，，58（（2): 137–147.

Hunter，T。（1991）。蛋白激酶分类。酶学方法，，，，200：3–37。

Johnson, L. N. (2009). The regulation of protein phosphorylation.Biochem Soc. Trans。，，，，37（（2): 627–641.

Johnson，L。N.和Barford，D。（1993）。磷酸化对蛋白质结构和功能的影响。生物物理学和生物分子结构的年度综述，，，，22（（1): 199-232.

Manning，G。和Whyte，D。B.（2002）。人类基因组的蛋白激酶补体。Science，，，，298（5600）：1912– 1934年。

图片提供：

BDOC13的“二羟基丙酮激酶的活跃部位” - 自己的工作。（CC BY-SA 3.0）通过Wikimedia Commons

“晶体结构1E3P”。（（Public Domain) viaWikimedia Commons