Thekey differencebetween nondisjunction and translocation mutations is thatthe nondisjunction mutation is a mutation that occurs due to thefailure in segregation of同源染色体或染色单体cell division而易位突变是由于非同源染色体之间不同部分的重排而发生的突变。
Mutation is an alteration of the nucleotide sequence of a DNA molecule in the genome of a particular organism. Thus, mutations occur mainly due to the errors of cell divisions (有丝分裂和减数分裂). Therefore, depending on the type of mutation, its effect varies. Accordingly, nondisjunction mutation and translocation mutation are two major types of mutations that occur during cell division.
内容
1.Overview and Key Difference
2.What are Nondisjunction Mutations
3.What are Translocation Mutations
4.Similarities Between Nondisjunction and Translocation Mutations
5.Side by Side Comparison – Nondisjunction vs Translocation Mutations in Tabular Form
6。概括
What are Nondisjunction Mutations?
非分离是指有丝分裂或减数分裂过程中同源染色体或染色单体分离的失败。但是,非分离的影响在有丝分裂和减数分裂之间有所不同。在有丝分裂中,非分离导致各种癌症。在减数分裂中,非分离导致两个不同的子细胞。一个女儿细胞具有两个父母染色体,另一个女儿细胞没有。因此,这会导致由于多余的染色体或缺失染色体而导致的染色体数量突变。
The chromosomal disorders that occur due to nondisjunction during meiosis areDown’s syndrome,Klinefelter综合征,特纳综合症等等。唐氏综合症或三体疾病是由于减数分裂期间21染色体的非分裂而发生的,该染色体在其中,个人继承了三个染色体21的副本,而不是两个副本。因此,患有唐氏综合症的人有47个染色体,而不是通常的46个染色体。
Turners’ syndrome develops due to the nondisjunction of sex chromosomes during meiosis. The affected individual has 45 chromosomes with a single X chromosome. The term that refers to this mutation is monosomy of the X sex chromosome. In such an individual, the sex genotype is XO. Either way nondisjunction in both mitosis and meiosis results in fatal disease conditions.
What are Translocation Mutations?
在遗传学的背景下,易位是一种染色体异常,这是由于非同学染色体之间不同部分的重排而导致的。因此,这种异常通常会导致癌症和不育等缺陷突变。很容易通过细胞遗传学或受影响细胞的核分型来鉴定染色体易位。此外,易位在染色体间或染色体内发生。染色体易位发生在单个染色体内,而染色体之间发生肉毒体内易位。在易位突变期间,染色体的一部分破裂并在不同的位置再次连接。
Also, there are different categories of translocation mutations; they are the balanced, unbalanced, reciprocal, and non-reciprocal translocation. Firstly, in balanced translocations, equal exchange of materials takes place without extra or missing genetic information. However, unbalanced translocations result in extra or a missing gene due to an unequal exchange of chromosome material. In reciprocal translocations, exchange of genetic material takes place between non-homologous chromosomes. Finally, in non-reciprocal translocations exchange of genetic material takes place from one chromosome to a non-homologous chromosome.
Translocation mutations cause cancers such as leukaemia, infertility and XX male syndrome, etc. Infertility occurs when one of the parents carries a balanced translocation resulting in non-viable fetus even though the parent conceives. XX male syndrome occurs due to the translocation of the SRY gene of the Y chromosome to X chromosome.
非分离和易位突变之间有什么相似之处?
- 非分离和易位突变是遗传突变。
- 它们都可以在有丝分裂和减数分裂过程中发生。
- Furthermore, both types result in cancer and Down’s syndrome.
- 而且,两者都会影响性染色体。
What is the Difference Between Nondisjunction and Translocation Mutations?
非分离和易位突变是可能导致各种疾病疾病的DNA分子的核苷酸序列的改变。非分离突变是由于同源染色体或染色单体在细胞分裂过程中正确分离的原因。另一方面,由于从一个染色体中脱离后,染色体之间不同部分的染色体重新排列。因此,非分离突变会导致细胞中染色体的数量异常,而易位突变会导致生物体基因组中染色体的结构异常。因此,这是非分离和易位突变之间的关键区别。
以下关于非分离和易位突变之间差异的信息图更具描述性比较。
摘要 - 非分离与易位突变
Mutations occur due to errors of cell division. Nondisjunction mutation is the failure in segregation of homologous chromosomes or chromatids during mitosis or meiosis. In short, this is the difference between nondisjunction and translocation mutations.
Furthermore, the effect of nondisjunction varies in mitosis and meiosis. In mitosis, nondisjunction results in cancer. The chromosomal disorders that occur due to nondisjunction during meiosis are Down’s syndrome, Klinefelter’s syndrome and Turners syndrome. On the other hand, translocation mutation is a chromosomal abnormality that results due to the rearrangement of different parts between non-homologous chromosomes. Inter-chromosomal, intra-chromosomal, balanced, unbalanced, reciprocal, and non-reciprocal translocations are the types of translocation mutations.
Reference:
1.Study.com,study.com。Available here
2.“非整倍性和染色体重排。”可汗学院,可汗学院。Available here
Image Courtesy:
1.”Mitotic nondisjunction”By Wpeissner – Own work,(CC BY-SA 3.0)通过Commons Wikimedia
2.礼貌:“易位4-20”:国家人类基因组研究所(公共领域)Commons Wikimedia
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