Difference Between Genetic Testing and Screening

Thekey differencebetween genetic testing and screening is that the对个体进行基因检测，而对人群进行基因筛查。

Genetic testing and screening are two methods of disease prevention. These methods help to evaluate the risk of a genetic disorder in an individual or in a population respectively. Therefore, genetic testing determines the risk of having genetic disorders in an individual after performing rigid lab tests. Genetic screening confirms the risk of a population who carry the specific genetic disorders. Both methods use lab tests. More specifically, pregnant women undergo these two procedures more often.

内容

1.Overview and Key Difference
2.What is Genetic Testing
3.What is Genetic Screening
4.基因测试和筛查之间的相似之处
5。Side by Side Comparison – Genetic Testing vs Screening in Tabular Form
6。概括

What is Genetic Testing?

Genetic testing is the use of laboratory tests to determine the risk of having a genetic disease or genetic defects in an individual who has a family history of having that disease. Genetic testing performs only on an individual, not on population. It reveals the presence or absence of the particular gene that causes the genetic disease.

Any individual who suspects to have the diseasegene可以进行基因检测并确认它。但是，在基因测试之前，他或她可以进行筛查测试，并根据家庭的病史和病史进行基因检测。例如，一个属于一个背景的家庭的人囊性纤维化can undergo genetic testing to identify the presence of the specific gene causing cystic fibrosis. Genetic testing involves rigid diagnostic tests such as微阵列,karyotyping，鱼类等

什么是遗传筛查？

遗传筛查是一种采用人群的医学测试，以找出在特定年龄段或族裔群体中患有特定遗传疾病的可能性。这是基于人群的筛查。它不为个人执行。个体可能无症状。但是，如果一个人想确认患有人群中普遍存在的特定遗传疾病的风险，他可能会在基因检测之前进行遗传筛查。基因筛查使用一组诊断测试。但是它们并不像基因检测那样僵硬。

Once genetic screening performs on a population, it is easy to know which members of the population carry disease genes and which do not and which have a high risk etc. As an example, Sickle cell disease is more prone to get by African Americans. Hence, they use genetic screening to find out the presence of this specific gene among their population. Another example is that most pregnant women undergo genetic screening to decide which genetic testing to take based on the results obtained from genetic screening. Genetic screening includes family history, prenatal screening tests, newborn screening, M-CHAT screening for autism etc.

What are the Similarities Between Genetic Testing and Screening?

• 基因筛查和基因检测是与孕妇产前筛查中经常遇到的术语。
• Both procedures involve the use of laboratory tests to identify the presence of specific genes that may cause genetic disorders, hence very important genetic procedures.
• Genetic Testing and Screening involve the same medical procedures.
• Results of the genetic screening can decide whether it is necessary to undergo genetic testing.
• Both methods help to prevent diseases.
• Genetic Testing and Screening look for the presence of genes.

What is the Difference Between Genetic Testing and Screening?

基因检测和筛查是两种遗传疾病的诊断方法。对个体进行了基因检测，以揭示引起疾病的特定基因的存在，同时对人群进行遗传筛查，以揭示人们通过患有特定疾病的基因而患这种疾病的风险。因此，基因检测可能导致疾病的治疗和预防，而基因筛查会导致测试然后治疗。

The below inforgraphic presents more details on the difference between genetic testing and screening in tabular form.

摘要 - 基因测试与筛查

Genetic testing and screening will help to recognize genetic defects. Genetic testing is used to screen an individual for a genetic defect while genetic screening is performed on a population to find out who is carrying the genetic disease and who is having the high risk of getting it. Moreover, genetic testing involves different expensive diagnostic tests while genetic screening involves simple diagnostic tests, which are cost effective. This is the difference between genetic testing and screening.

Reference:

1.“基因检测与基因筛查”。Bright Hub，2011年3月25日。Available here
2.“Genetic Screening.” Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics, Elsevier.Available here

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1. McMurryjulie（CC0）通过Pixabay
2.“自动实现” by en：用户：cburnett - 在inkscape中的工作，(CC BY-SA 3.0)viaCommons Wikimedia