Difference Between Autopolyploidy and Allopolyploidy

Key Difference – Autopolyploidyvs Allopolyploidy

Polyploidyrefers to a type of achromosomal aberrationwhich results in an organism with three or more sets ofchromosomes, instead of the normaldiploidcondition. In most cases, polyploidy is used in plant breeding and it has shown positive outcomes in developing hybrid varieties. Therefore, polyploid varieties are mainly explained in plant biology. Polyploids are mainly formed as a result of non-disjunction betweensister chromatidsduringmitosis. There are two main types of polyploidy; Autopolyploidy and Allopolyploidy. Autopolyploidy is the condition in which an organism is composed of three or more sets of chromosomes received from the same species with similargenomes. Alloploidy is the condition in which an organism is composed of three or more sets of chromosomes received from a different species with different genomes. Thekey differencebetween Autopolyploidy and Allopolyploidy is the type of organisms which contribute to the respective polyploidy condition.InAutopolyploidy, the sets of chromosomes received are of the same type of genome, whereas in Allopolyploidy, the organisms are composed of three or more sets of chromosomes received by organisms of different genome types.

CONTENTS

1.Overview and Key Difference
2.What is Autopolyploidy
3.What is Allopolyploidy
4.同源多倍性和相似性Allopolyploidy
5.Side by Side Comparison – Autopolyploidy vs Allopolyploidy in Tabular Form
6.Summary

What is Autopolyploidy?

Autopolyploidy is the condition in which an organism receives multiple sets of chromosomes from the same genome type or the same species. Autopolyploidy most often results in an even number of chromosomes. Due to the similarity of the chromosomes, they undergo multivariant pairing during the process of meiosis.

Autopolyploids can be divided into two categories based on the similarity of the genome used in the development of the hybrid polyploid variety. Therefore, autopolyploids are further divided into strict autopolyploids and interracial autopolyploids.Strict autopolyploidyrefers to the phenomenon in which a hybrid is formed as a result of the doubling of chromosomes of the same organism.Interracial autopolyploidyis the phenomenon in which the hybrid is formed due to the crossing that takes place between different organisms having the samegenotype.

Under artificial conditions, autopolyploidy can be induced by colchicine.Colchicineis an alkaloid which synthesized by the meadow saffron plant. Colchicine has the ability to hamper the development of the nuclear spindle. The mitosis that follows the treatment of colchicine is referred to as C – mitosis and it results in forming bivalents. Many cultivated plants are autopolyploids. Examples include tetraploid Potato and alfalfa.

What is Allopolyploidy?

Allopolyploidy is the phenomenon in which a hybrid variety is formed as a result of receiving three or more sets of chromosomes from genetically nonidentical varieties. Therefore, they do not have similar genomes and they belong to different types of species. Allopolyploids can have either an even or an odd number of chromosomes. Multivalents are formed instead of bivalents in allopolyploidy.

Types of Allopolyploidy

Allopolyploids can be also categorized into different types;

1. Segmental allopolyploidy
2. Complete allopolyploidy
3. True or Genomic polyploidy
4. Auto-allopolyploidy
5. Aneuploidy

Examples of allopolyploids arecotton– 13 pairs and 53 chromosomes, wheat – 7 pairs and 42 chromosomes.

同源多倍性之间的相似之处是什么nd Allopolyploidy?

• Both types belong to the polyploidy condition where the number of chromosomes is increased compared to the normal count.
• Both types are used in developing hybrid varieties.
• Both types are most commonly seen in crop cultivation.

What is the Difference Between Autopolyploidy and Allopolyploidy?

Autopolyploidy vs Allopolyploidy
Autopolyploidy is the condition in which an organism is composed of three or more sets of chromosomes received from the same species with similar genomes.	Alloploidy is the condition in which an organism is composed of three or more sets of chromosomes received from a different species with different genomes.
Number of Chromosomes
Even number of chromosomes can be seen in autopolyploidy condition.	Allopolyploidy condition can have an even number or an odd number of chromosomes.
Formation of Sister Chromatids
Bivalents are formed in autopolyploidy.	Multivalents are formed in allopolyploidy.

Summary – Autopolyploidyvs Allopolyploidy

Polyploids are formed as a result of non-disjunction taking place in the mitosis phase which will either result in bivalents or multivalents. Autopolyploidy is the phenomenon in which an organism receives three or more sets of chromosomes from organisms which have similar genomes, whereas allopolyploidy is the phenomenon in which the hybrid organism receives three or more sets of chromosomes from organisms which do not have similar genomes. Producing these two types of polyploids have shown to be beneficial in plant breeding and crop cultivation. This is the difference between autopolyploidy and allopolyploidy.

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Reference:

1.Baron, Adrianne. “Allopolyploid: Definition, Speciation & Example.” Study.com, Study.com.Available here
2.Sengbusch, Peter v. “Autopolyploidy and Somatic Polyploidy.” LON-CAPA Botany online: Classic Genetics – Chromosomal Numbers – Autopolyploidy – Somatic Polyploidy.Available here
3.Anand, Sandhya. “Polyploidy – Causes and Types .” Biotech Articles.Available here

Image Courtesy:

1.’Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) : sprouts Interesting … :’ by Miran Rijavec(CC BY 2.0)viaFlickr
2.’Paxta11’By S Aziz123 – Own work,(CC BY-SA 4.0)viaCommons Wikimedia